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DR. M.B.BHAT.MBBS, MD. ASSOC. PROF. DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY, Y.M.C.

Reproductive - system. DR. M.B.BHAT.MBBS, MD. ASSOC. PROF. DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY, Y.M.C. sex-determination. DEVELOPMENT. Sex-Differentiation. 5 th week un differentiated 7 th week medulla develops 8 th week TDF secreted by serotoli cells 9 th week testis is present

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DR. M.B.BHAT.MBBS, MD. ASSOC. PROF. DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY, Y.M.C.

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  1. Reproductive - system DR. M.B.BHAT.MBBS, MD. ASSOC. PROF. DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY, Y.M.C.

  2. sex-determination

  3. DEVELOPMENT

  4. Sex-Differentiation

  5. 5th week un differentiated 7th week medulla develops 8th week TDF secreted by serotoli cells 9th week testis is present 10th week testis descend 10th week ovary starts developing 25th week ovary is fully developed

  6. KLINEFELTERS SYNDROME

  7. Turners syndrome

  8. Hormonal Changes during puberty

  9. Puberty

  10. MALE – REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  11. STRUCTURE OF TESTIS

  12. Sertoli - Cell

  13. Functions of sertoli cells • They secrete an enzyme Aromatse • The cells are rich in Glycogen • They secrete androgen- binding protein • They provide blood – Testis barrier • Controlled release of Matured sperms

  14. Epididymis • Sperms move from seminiferous tubule to • Epididymis • Sperms can be stored for a month • Potassium • Phosphoryl- choline

  15. Seminal - vesicles The secretion are MUCOID and VISCOUS ContainsFRUCTOSE, PHOSPHORYL CHOLINE, FIBRINOGEN, PROSTAGLANDIN, CITRIC ACID. Nutrition to the SPERMS Clotting of SEMEN IncreasesSPERM motility in female genital tract

  16. Prostate- gland • Secretion is thin, Milky and alkaline • Sodium • Calcium • Zinc • Phospholipids • Fibrinolysin • Clotting enzymes

  17. spermatogenesis

  18. Regulation of Spermatogenesis • Testosterone • F.S.H • L.H • Prolactin • Thyroid hormones • InsulinGrowth hormone Temperature Irradiation Drugs Mumps

  19. Hypothalamic-Gonadal-Axsis

  20. sperm

  21. Seminal – Fluid (Semen) Characteristic Features • Colour • Specific gravity • PH • Average volume • Sperm count • Composition • Seminiferous tubules • Seminal – Vesicle • Prostate

  22. Semen - Analysis • Colour • Consistency • PH • Volume • Sperm count • Abnormal Sperms

  23. Functions of Testosterone During Fetal life 1) 2) 3) Sex- Differentiation Development accessory- Sex organs Descent of testis

  24. Effect of testosterone on Adult primary And secondary sexual characteristics • Effect of distribution of body hair • Effect on voice • Effect on skin • Muscle development • Effect on bone matrix • Increases basal metabolism • Effect on R.B.C • Effect on Electrolytes and water balance

  25. Testosterone • Produced in Testes (Leydig Cells) and adrenal glands (zona reticularis) • Testosterone is 98 % bound to protein • 60 % to SHBG • 38 % to Albumin • There is a circadian rhythm of 25% • Peak between 6 and 8 a.m. • Nadir at 5-7 p.m. • Acts via a nuclear receptor (type 1)

  26. Testosterone • Hypothalamic GnRH pulses cause pituitary gonadotrophs to release LH • Testosterone is produced by the Leydig Cell under the influence of lutenising hormone • Testosterone is converted to the active androgen dihydrotestosterone by 5 reductase. • Testosterone can also be aromatised to oestradiol • Metabolism is in the liver by 17- alkylation

  27. Development Induces male development in utero Development of Wolfian Duct Structures Production of Anti Müllarian Hormone Puberty Inc laryngeal size Inc Sebum production Pubic hair Facial Hair Genital Development Bone growth and Epiphyseal fusion Facilitates spermatogenesis Actions of Testosterone

  28. Adult Increases lean body mass Decreases fat mass Increases muscle strength Increases libido Increases well being Decreases total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides Increases bone mineral density Maintains spermatogenesis Actions of Testosterone

  29. Adult Increases lean body mass Decreases fat mass Increases muscle strength Increases libido Increases well being Decreased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides Increases bone mineral density Maintains spermatogenesis Actions of Testosterone

  30. Male Hypogonadisim • Lack of deepening of the voice • Decreased development of muscle mass • Impaired growth of body hair • Impaired growth of the penis and testicles • Excessive growth of the arms and legs in relation to the trunk of the body • Development of breast tissue (gynecomastia

  31. Male Hypogonadisim • Erectile dysfunction • Infertility • Decrease in beard and body hair growth • Increase in body fat • Decrease in size or firmness of testicles • Decrease in muscle mass • Development of breast tissue • Loss of bone mass (osteoporosis) 0

  32. Penile - Erection

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