1 / 13

Aqueous Solutions

Aqueous Solutions. Section 17.3. After reading Section 17.3, you should know:. The meaning of “likes dissolve likes” and how to determine which compounds will dissolve into each other The difference between strong, weak and non-electrolytes

corinthia
Download Presentation

Aqueous Solutions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Aqueous Solutions Section 17.3

  2. After reading Section 17.3, you should know: • The meaning of “likes dissolve likes” and how to determine which compounds will dissolve into each other • The difference between strong, weak and non-electrolytes • The difference between hygroscopic and deliquescent substances

  3. Solvent vs Solute • Aqueous Solutions – water samples containing dissolved substances • Solvent – the substance doing the dissolving • Solute – the substance being dissolved • Example of an aqueous solution = salt water • Solvent = water • Solute = salt

  4. Review: Ionic and Covalent • Ionic comounds = metal + nonmetal • Held together by ionic charges • Polar Covalent molecules = 2 or more nonmetals • Have a slight charge due to electronegativity differences • Nonpolar Covalent molecules = 2 or more nonmetals • Do not have a charge because the shape of the molecule cancels the electronegativity differences out

  5. “Likes Dissolve Likes” • Ionic compounds and polar compounds will dissolve in other ionic and polar compounds • Ionic compounds have a full charge and polar compounds have a slight charge, so the charges are attracted to each other. • Nonpolar compounds will only dissolve in other nonpolar compounds

  6. Salt will dissolve in water • Salt is ionic, water is polar • Oil and water do not mix • Oil is nonpolar and water is polar

  7. Solutions • Solutions are homogenous mixtures • Solvation – the process that occurs when a solute dissolves • Example: salt dissolving in water • Salt is an ionic compound, water is a polar molecule • Animation of salt water and the interactions between the molecules

  8. Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes • Electrolytes – compounds that conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or the molten state • All ionic compounds are electrolytes • Nonelectrolytes - compounds that do not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or the molten state

  9. Strong electrolyte – when a substance is dissolved and almost all of the solute molecules separate into ions • Weak electrolytes – when a substance is dissolved and only a fraction of the dissolved solute separate into ions • Table 17.3 on page 485

  10. Water of Hydration • Water of hydration is the water contained in a crystal • Hydrate – a compound containing water • Example: copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate • CuSO4*5H2O • Table 17.4 on page 486

  11. Effloresce – process that occurs when a hydrate has a vapor pressure higher than that of water vapor in the air • Hygroscopic – substances that remove water from the air • Have low vapor pressure • Used as desiccants or drying agents

  12. Deliquescent – compounds that remove a sufficient water from the air to dissolve completely and form solutions • When a substance has a lower vapor pressure that that of the water in the air • Example: solid NaOH pellets – react with moisture from the air and will “melt” over time

  13. After reading Section 17.3, you should know: • The meaning of “likes dissolve likes” and how to determine which compounds will dissolve into each other • The difference between strong, weak and non-electrolytes • The difference between hygroscopic and deliquescent substances

More Related