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Reconstruction after Civil War: Plans, Challenges, and Unfinished Business

Learn about Lincoln's and Johnson's plans, Radical Republicans, African American rights, Congressional Reconstruction, Reconstruction resistance, Black officeholding, corruption, and the abandonment of Reconstruction. Discover the aspirations of black southerners amid racism, violence, and the rise of the KKK. Explore the Compromise of 1877, Southern Redemption, and the struggle for African American rights post-Civil War.

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Reconstruction after Civil War: Plans, Challenges, and Unfinished Business

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  1. Chapter 17

  2. 10% Plan • Lincoln’s plan-10% of voters take oath, apply for admission, generous pardons • peace • bring states back into the Union • build up a Republican party in the South by attracting former Whigs. • Radical Republicans -Congress should control re-admission =Wade-Davis Bill • Lincoln's plan too lenient. • Lincoln vetoed a Radical plan in 1864, • by war's end moving in the direction of the Radicals.

  3. Johnson’s Plan • Against wealthy planter class- Racist • Officials had to apply for presidential pardon • More lenient • South defied his plan • Clash with congress-eventually Republicans take 2/3 majority in both houses • Rights of African Americans • Freedman's Bureau • 14th Amendment

  4. Congressional Reconstruction 1867 • Unreconstructed states under military control • Af. Am. Allowed to vote- not conf. officers • Suffrage and ratify 14th Amendment • Tenure of Office Act • Impeachment-for violating by trying to fire Radical in cabinet • Conspiring to obstruct reconstruction- acquitted- impeachment for political weapon? • Resistance by White Southerners

  5. Reconstruction in south • Black office holding • White Republicans Divided • Scalawags- white southern Republicans • Carpet baggers- white Republicans from North • New State Govts. • Economic issues and Corruption • Bribes, kickbacks from RRs, franchises and contracts • Southern Debt increases • Boss Tweed Ring Scandal

  6. Aspirations and experiences of black southerners • Diff. times for diff. groups • Freedom- to move, change employment, names, family, church, education • Freedman’s Bureau- supervise freedom from slavery • Tools of planter class- congress shutdown • Most effective in protecting civil rights • Planters -seeking physical and psychological separation from former slaves. • old paternalist ideal to segregation. • based on segregation and sharecropping.

  7. Abandonment of Reconstruction • RACISM • Used violence, terror and political assassinations • Control votes • Republicans divided over politics and options • Weak Northern opinion • Grant elected- pass 15th Amendment • Lacked moral and political commitment to Reconstruction • corruption • Amnesty Act- restore confederate votes • Liberal Republicans-backed by Dems. Greely • Civil Rights Act of 1875-prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations but… • Panic of 1873- Depression turn towards Dems.

  8. KKK • Force Act of 1870- Felony to interfere with right to vote- army or susp. W.of H.C. • Mississippi Plan-Dems. 1875 violence to carry state election- and win • Election of 1876 • Compromise of 1877 • Withdraw troops in south- Rep. govts collapse • South Redeemed= “Redeemers” • Recognize Dem. State govts. • Recognize Hayes as President • Respect African American rights

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