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CORTEX

CORTEX. CEREBRAL CORTEX. Wrinkled Thin Layered Interconnected Plastic ( consider vs brainstem). Layered. Many ways to organize the cortex. We will adopt the most traditional and simplest:. Cortical hemispheres. Corpus collosum. Hemispheres-Corpus collusomectomy. The Roger.

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CORTEX

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  1. CORTEX

  2. CEREBRAL CORTEX • Wrinkled • Thin • Layered • Interconnected • Plastic ( consider vs brainstem)

  3. Layered

  4. Many ways to organize the cortex We will adopt the most traditional and simplest:

  5. Cortical hemispheres

  6. Corpus collosum

  7. Hemispheres-Corpus collusomectomy

  8. The Roger

  9. Testing hemispheric functional asymmetries Tachistoscopic studies Dichotic listening tasks Sodium amytal tests

  10. T-scope approach

  11. Functional asymmetries?Roughly 90% of right handers, and 70% of left handers

  12. Prefer Classical Music Your Left-Brain controls the right side of your body Prefer things like instructions to be done verbally Good at math Like to read Follow Western Thought* Very Logical Dog lovers Don't enjoy clowning around Can't be hypnotized Usually remember things only specifically studied Need total quiet to read or study Like to read realistic stories Like to write non-fiction Prefer individual counseling Enjoy copying or tracing pictures and filling in details Also like to read action stories Usually rational Usually do things in a planned orderly way If you have to answer someone's question, you won't let your peronal feelings get in the way Good at algebra Can remember verbal material Almost never absent minded Like to tell stories but not act them out Can think better sitting down Like to be a music critic Attentive during long verbal explanations Prefer well structured assignments over open ended ones Read for specific details and facts Skilled at sequencing ideas Likes to be Organized Prefer rock music Right brain controls left side of body Prefer visual instructions with examples Good at sports Good at art Follow Eastern thought* Cat lovers Enjoy clowning around Can be hypnotized Like to read fantasy and mystery stories Can listen to music or TV while studying Like to write fiction Prefer group Fun to dream about things that will probably never happen Enjoy making up own drawings and images Good at geometry Like organizing things to show relation Can memorize music Occasionally absentminded Like to act out stories Enjoy interacting affectively with others Think better when lying down Become restless during long verbal explanations Enjoy creative storytelling Prefer to learn through free exploration Good at recalling spatial imagery Read for main details Skilled in showing relationships between ideas Preference for summarizing over outlining Solve problems intuitively Very Spontaneous and unpredictable Popularized Ideas probably go too far-Left vs Right

  13. More reasonable assertions based on data Left hemisphere- analytical, rational, verbal, reading, writing ,math Right Hemisphere- Intuitive, feeling, spatial processing, nonverbal, music Videos of interest- Gazzaniga-1Gazzaniga-2

  14. LOBES- gyri and sulci

  15. OCCIPITAL LOBEprimary visual processing-more later

  16. Temporal Lobes

  17. TEMPORAL LOBES-superior temporal gyri

  18. Almost like a sound recorder-highly organized neural responses to sound

  19. Temporal lobe and speech-Werniche’s area Werniche’s area appears to mediate the logical requirement for the brain to bring meaning and speech together…damage to this area produces Werniche’s Aphasia Speech sounds fluent, but is largely devoid of meaning Interesting video links onetwo

  20. Parietal Lobes

  21. Parietal Lobes

  22. Primary Somatosensory CtxThe sensory homunculus The “post central gyrus”

  23. The Phantom limb Phenomenon Loss of limb, but not loss of the perception that the limb is there - awareness arises from cortex independently of reality.

  24. RX for Phantom limb- awareness arises from cortex independently of reality. Phantom limb video

  25. Damage to the Primary Somatosensory Cortex? AGNOSIA- A loss of knowledge Asomatognosias- a loss of Knowledge about part of body represented by area of cortex that was damaged..pg 176 Anosagnosias- failure to recognize the deficit -perception of reality depends on CTX

  26. FRONTAL LOBES

  27. Primary motor cortex-precentral gyrusmore later

  28. Speech ccts

  29. Speech ccts- Brocas area and Broca’s apahsia Broca’s aphasia video interview

  30. What about the rest of the frontal lobe?-Phineas Gage

  31. rod

  32. Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Brain-Based Theory of Emotions • Frontal lobes • influence people’s conscious emotional feelings and ability to act in planned ways based on feelings (e.g., effects of prefrontal lobotomy) • Some scientists contend that the prefrontal cortex normally acts as a brake that can suppress urges or impulses by communicating with other brain areas that mediate fear and aggression, such as the amygdala. left frontal lobe may be most involved in processing positive emotions right frontal lobe involved with negative emotions

  33. General frontal Lobe functions Speech Organization and mental flexibility Attention and concentration Working memory Copying Awareness/self-awareness/self-monitoring Conscious emotions Personality Goal setting/ Judgment , planning and anticipation Self-control/ resistance to temptations Intentional Initiation and inhibition of behavior

  34. Testing frontal lobe Health-the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST)

  35. HYPOFRONTALITY? • Perseveration- a lack of mental flexibility

  36. WHY?- the unfortunate story of Egas Moniz and Walter Freeman The Prefrontal lobotomy and the trans-orbital leucotomy

  37. Can you believe it?

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