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Class # 7 : Monday, September 13, 2010 Hurricanes

Class # 7 : Monday, September 13, 2010 Hurricanes. Chapter 15. Review for test #1. Chapter 2, pp. 30-49 Chapter 3, pp. 58-64; 73-75 Chapter 7, p. 174 Chapter 9, pp. 224-5; 232-4, 238-44 Chapter 10, pp. 260-266; 268 Chapter 15, pp. 412-436 Chapter 17, pp. 470-483. Fig. 15-CO, p. 410.

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Class # 7 : Monday, September 13, 2010 Hurricanes

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  1. Class #7: Monday, September 13, 2010Hurricanes Chapter 15 Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  2. Review for test #1 • Chapter 2, pp. 30-49 • Chapter 3, pp. 58-64; 73-75 • Chapter 7, p. 174 • Chapter 9, pp. 224-5; 232-4, 238-44 • Chapter 10, pp. 260-266; 268 • Chapter 15, pp. 412-436 • Chapter 17, pp. 470-483 Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  3. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-CO, p. 410

  4. Tropical Weather • Noon sun is always high, seasonal temperature changes small • Daily heating and humidity = cumulus clouds and afternoon thunderstorms • Non-squall clusters, tropical squall line, tropical wave • Seasons defined by precipitation (higher sun season/ITCZ) as opposed to temperature Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  5. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  6. Anatomy of a Hurricane • Intense storm of tropical origin with winds greater than 64kts; typhoon (N. Western Pacific), cyclone (Indian Ocean), tropical cyclone (Aust.) • Eye, center, break in clouds, sinking air, lowest p • Eye wall, intense thunderstorms, upward motion • Spiral rain bands, principal rain band to northeast • Anticyclonic divergence aloft over the storm • Latent heat comes from ocean surface evaporation in strong winds, warm Temperatures Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  7. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-2, p. 413

  8. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-3, p. 414

  9. Stepped Art Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-3, p. 414

  10. Stepped Art Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-3, p. 414

  11. Stepped Art Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-3, p. 414

  12. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-4, p. 415

  13. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-5, p. 415

  14. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-6, p. 415

  15. Hurricane Formation and Dissipation • The Right Environment • Tropical waters with light wind, high humidity • 26.5°C sea surface temperatures (June-November) • Surface convergence trigger (tropical wave) • Coriolis effect: 5-20º latitude • Weak vertical wind shear, weak winds aloft • The Developing Storm • Cluster of thunderstorms around a rotating low pressure center • Release of latent heat, divergence aloft Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  16. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  17. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  18. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  19. Hurricane Formation and Dissipation • The Storm Dies Out • Cold water, land • Hurricane Stages of Development • Tropical Disturbance • Tropical Depression (22-34kts) • Tropical Storm (35-64kts) • Hurricane (> 65kts) Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  20. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  21. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 1, p. 419

  22. Hurricane Formation and Dissipation • Topic: Hurricanes and Mid-latitude Storms • Hurricane warm core low • Mid-latitude cold-core low • Arctic hurricanes • Hurricane + upper level trough = mid-latitude cyclone • Hurricane movement • General track: west, northwest, northeast • Much variation Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  23. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  24. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  25. Stepped Art Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-12, p. 421

  26. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  27. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-14, p. 422

  28. Naming Hurricane and Tropical Storms • Process has changed over the years: • Latitude and longitude • Letters of the alphabet • Alphabetical female names • Alphabetical, alternating female and male names • Retirement (Katrina, Camille) Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  29. Devastating Wind, Storm Surge, and Flooding • Highest winds on the eastern side of storm (wind + speed of storm) • Swell • Storm surge on north side of storm (tide) • Coastal flooding • River flooding • Hurricane spawned tornadoes • Saffir-Simpson scale • 1 weakest, 5 strongest Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  30. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  31. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Table 15-1a, p. 423

  32. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Table 15-1b, p. 423

  33. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  34. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-3, p. 414

  35. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  36. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 2, p. 425

  37. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 3, p. 425

  38. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  39. Some Notable Storms • Camille 1969 • Hugo 1989 • Andrew 1992 • Ivan 2004 • Katrina 2005 Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  40. Some Notable Storms • Observation: Atlantic Hurricanes 2004-2005 • Abnormally warm ocean water and weak vertical sheer allowed for high frequency of hurricanes • Environmental Issue: Hurricanes in a Warmer World • No clear answer, need more data • Intensity and frequency most likely to be impacted. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010

  41. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Table 15-2, p. 426

  42. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Table 15-3, p. 427

  43. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-18, p. 428

  44. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-19, p. 428

  45. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-20, p. 429

  46. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-21, p. 429

  47. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-22, p. 430

  48. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-22, p. 430

  49. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-22, p. 430

  50. Class #7, Monday. September 13, 2010 Fig. 15-23, p. 430

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