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Introduction General features of a regional policy_SPD 2000-2006 (2002-2008)

What policies to support regional networking capabilities ? Evidence from a regional innovation policy framework 2002-2008. Annalisa Caloffi , Federica Ross i , Margherita Russo Università di Padova, Birkbeck College, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia

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Introduction General features of a regional policy_SPD 2000-2006 (2002-2008)

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  1. Whatpolicies to supportregionalnetworking capabilities? Evidencefrom a regionalinnovation policy framework 2002-2008 Annalisa Caloffi, Federica Rossi, Margherita RussoUniversità di Padova, Birkbeck College, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Complexity in the Real World: From policy intelligence to intelligent policy ECCS’12, Bruxelles, 5-6 September 2012

  2. Introduction General features of a regional policy_SPD 2000-2006 (2002-2008) Heterogeneity of project networks Stability of participants and relationships over time Effects of participation to policies on organizations’ ability to: • form heterogeneous networks • engage in stable relationships • activate relationships in general Some preliminary conclusions & furtherdevelopments

  3. Introduction 1/3 • Public policies in support of innovation networks: • increasinglypopular • usuallyaimedat promotion of R&D collaborations, technology transfer, innovationdiffusion • do they help organizationsimprovetheirnetworking capabilities? • beingable to accessexternalknowledgethrough networking isincreasinglyimportant to innovate and compete successfully • notallorganizations are equallyable to engage in effective networking

  4. Introduction 2/3 • Objective of analysis: • exploit a veryoriginal and comprehensivedataset of innovation networks policy interventionsfundedby Tuscany’sregionalgovernmentin 2002-2008 (SPD 2000-2006) • assesswhetherthesepolicieshavecontributed to improving the participants’ ability to form “successful” innovation networks with externalpartners • “learning” / “behavioraladditionality” effects

  5. Introduction 3/3 • Keyelements of network structureassociated with success in collaborative innovation and knowledgetransmission • heterogeneity in participants’ competences and outlook: balance between cognitive distance and proximity • noveltyvs. stability: balance between new and stablerelationships • involvement of “intermediaries” to facilitate contact and communicationamongorganizations with differentcompetences, languages, cognitive frameworks • The policy programmesweanalyzeincluded some requirements (“constraints”) aimedatpromotingheterogeneity, repeatedcollaborations and the involvement of intermediaries

  6. General features of policy programmes_2002-2008 1/5 timeline • Constraints in networks’ basiccompositionimposedonly in the 200-2005 programmes • Twoperiods: network formation(2002-2005) vs. network consolidation (206-2008) • Didparticipationin the first periodinfluencethe organizations’ ability to network “successfully” in the secondperiod?

  7. General features of policy programmes_2002-2008 2/5

  8. General features of policy programmes_2002-2008 3/5 • Fundingby programme • Fundingby technologicalfield

  9. General features of policy programmes_2002-2008 4/5 • Participants by number and funding

  10. Heterogeneity of networks and programmes1/3 • Heterogeneity of project networks within each programme bubbles proportional to project funding heterogeneity index 2002_ITT 2002_171 2002_172 2004_171 2004_171E 2005_171 2006_VIN 2007_171 2008_171 programme without minimum heterogeneity constraint

  11. Heterogeneity of networks and programmes2/3 • Heterogeneity of project networks within each programme box plot heterogeneity index programme without minimum heterogeneity constraint

  12. Heterogeneity of networks and programmes3/3 • Heterogeneity of project networks and number of participants

  13. Stability vs. novelty 1/3 • of network participants

  14. Stability vs. novelty 2/3 • of relationships between participants

  15. Stability vs. novelty 3/3 • of relationships between participants by participants’ types Note to table: The index is calculated as the ratio between the share of stable/continuous relationships of a certain type and the share of stable/continuous relationships overall. The index is zero when no stable/continuous relationships of that type were present in the programme. The earliest programme, RPIA ITT_2002, is not displayed since, by definition, it includes only relationships that are new to the policy.

  16. The “learningeffects” of policies 1/8 By participating in policy-supportedinnovation networks, do organizationsimprovetheir networking abilities? • Effects of participation to policies on organizations’ ability to • form innovative heterogeneous networks • engage in stable relationships: two periods analysis: formation vs. consolidation stage

  17. 2/8 Controls: type of organization, % projects in each technology field

  18. Average heterogeneity of organization’s networks in 2006-8 3/8 Ent -***, CC -***, %Opto-**, %OrgChem-**, %Biotech-**,%Multi-* Number of obs:197; Prob> F: 0.0000; R-squared:0.4229; sign. * 0.1, ** 0.01 *** 0.001

  19. Share of organization’s relationships in 2006-8 that were already active in 2002-5 4/8 LG +***, %OrgChem-*, %Biotech-**,%Multi-** Number of obs:197; Prob> F: 0.0000; R-squared:0.4853; sign. * 0.1, ** 0.01 *** 0.001

  20. Effects of participation to policies on organizations’ ability to activate relationships: SNA approach Indicators of network structure 5/8

  21. Likelihood to activate relationships in 2006-8 6/8 Controls: programme in which agents may meet (VIN_2006, 2007_171, 2008_171); dummy = 1 if agent type was required by the policy (constrained)

  22. Likelihood to activate relationships in 2006-8 7/8 Log pseudolikelihood = -1239.45; Wald chi2(12) = 715.54; pseudo R2 = 0.2851. Sign: *** = 1%; ** = 5%; * = 10%.

  23. Likelihood to activate relationships in 2006-8 Log pseudolikelihood = -1607.29; Wald chi2(33) = 930.07; pseudo R2 = 0.2678. Sign: *** = 1%; ** = 5%; * = 10%. 8/8

  24. Preliminary conclusionsfor more effective policies fostering innovation networks • What have we learned from policy analysis? • Policy rules • and heterogeneity of network composition • and novelty vs. stability • and involvement of intermediaries • Need for instruments to assess the “learning effects”(or “behaviouraladditionality”) of policies: • network construction and analysis • new indicators • ABMs?

  25. Furtherdevelopments • Has the innovation policy programme produced long lasting results ? • Innovation and collaborative behaviour of these organizations after the end of the policy programme (behaviouraladditionality) • Role of intermediaries • Which types of organizations did play the role of brokers and “bridges” in the programmes? • To which extent those agents were able to foster the ability of more marginal agents to become more central? • Comparative analysis of network policies in other regions in Italy and in Europe • Resources, processes and outcomes of regionalvariety of innovationpolicies in SMEsregionalsystems

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