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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The cardiovascular system performs these functions: Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the body Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. • The cardiovascular system performs these functions: • Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the body • Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells • Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body • Helps control body temperature and electrolyte balance

  3. The Heart and Its Layers • The heart is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist. • The heart has three layers of tissue: • Pericardium – outer layer, reduces friction as the heart beats • Myocardium – middle layer, pumps blood through the system • Endocardium – inner layer, allows the blood to flow smoothly

  4. Chambers of the Heart • The heart is separated into the right and left sides by a thick, muscular wall called the septum. • Each side is divided into two parts to create four chambers in total. • Atria – two top chambers • Ventricles – two bottom chambers • The blood enters the heart through the atria and leaves through the ventricles.

  5. Heart Valves • Atrioventricular valves are located between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart. • Tricuspid valve – right side • Bicuspid valve – left side • Semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart. • Pulmonary valve • Aortic valve

  6. Circulation of Blood • Pulmonary circulation – flow of blood between the heart and lungs • The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. • Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. • Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart. • Systemic circulation – flow of blood between the heart and body • The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body. • Blood returns to the right side of the heart. • Coronary circulation – flow of blood to the heart muscle • The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to heart tissue • Blood returns to the right side of the heart.

  7. Pathway of Blood Through the Heart • Superior & inferior vena cava • Right atrium • Tricuspid valve • Right ventricle • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Pulumonary arteries • Lungs to exchange gases • Pulmonary veins • Left atrium • Bicuspid / Mitral valve • Left ventricle • Aortic semilunar valve • Aorta all parts of the body

  8. Heartbeat • Electrical impulses starting in the heart cause the muscles to contract and the heart to beat. • The right and left sides of the heart work together in a cycle to produce a heartbeat. • First, the atria contract and push blood into the ventricles. • The atria then relax, and as they are filling with blood, the ventricles contract and send blood to the parts of the body.

  9. Blood Vessels • Arteries carry blood away from the heart. • Veins carry blood back to the heart. • Capillaries are microscopic vessels that carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels.

  10. Blood • Blood is vital to life. • About 4-5 liters of blood circulates through the average body. • Two parts of blood: • Formed elements - solid • Plasma - liquid

  11. Blood Cells • Red blood cells • Contain a protein called hemoglobin • Carrie oxygen to all cells and remove carbon dioxide • White blood cells • Fight disease and infection • There are fewer white blood cells than red ones, and they are larger. • Platelets • Smallest blood cells • Help form clots to prevent blood loss from a wound.

  12. Lesson 21 – Plasma • Plasma is a pale yellow liquid that is left when formed elements are removed from blood. • Plasma is about 90% water and 10% proteins. It also has proteins that help fight infection and aid the clotting process. • Serum is plasma without the clotting proteins. It may be used to research and identify antibodies.

  13. Lesson 21 – Blood Types • Four blood types: • Type A contains the A protein. • Type B contains the B protein. • Type AB contains both proteins. • Type O contains neither protein. • Blood may also be labeled as positive or negative for the Rh factor. The Rh factor is a type of substance that causes the body to produce antibodies.

  14. Lesson 21 – Blood Transfusion • Prior to a blood transfusion, it is important for both the donor’s and the recipient’s blood to be tested for type and Rh factor. • A person who receives blood from a donor with an incompatible type might have an adverse reaction. • Type O- is the universal donor. • Type AB+ is the universal recipient.

  15. Diseases and Disorders of the Cardiovascular System • Congestive heart failure – when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body • Hypertension - high blood pressure • Anemia – when not enough oxygen is supplied to the body tissues • Leukemia – when there is an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cell

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