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Sensation and Perception

This exploration of sensation and perception delves into how attention impacts our experience of reality. Concepts such as selective attention, figure-ground organization, and Gestalt principles illustrate how we focus on certain aspects while ignoring others. We examine depth perception, perceptual organization, and the influence of context on our perceptions. Additionally, we touch on perceptual illusions, including the Ponzo and Muller-Lyer illusions, and the concepts of extrsensory perception. Discover how our beliefs and predispositions shape our understanding of the world around us.

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Sensation and Perception

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  1. Sensation and Perception

  2. Focusing attention on one aspect of our experience E.g. Focusing on good looks and ignoring personality Selective attention

  3. Figure = Foreground - what we focus on Ground = Background Figure & ground

  4. What do you see?

  5. What do you see?

  6. Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure Seeing complete letters on a sign even though some bulbs are burned out. Grouping

  7. Visual cliff Infants will stop at the “cliff” The ability to perceive depth is at least partially innate. Depth perception

  8. Gestalt psychologists The whole is more than the sum of its parts Perceptual organization

  9. Perceptual illusions

  10. Linear perspective Parallel lines converge E.g. Railroad tracks

  11. Phi phenomenon Apparent movement of stationary lights Las Vegas marquees Stroboscopic movement Cartoon book flip pages Motion perception

  12. Which is larger?

  13. Ponzo Illusion A bar further away appears larger even if the same size on our retinas. Perceptual consistency

  14. Retinal Disparity Floating finger illusion

  15. Muller-Lyer Illusion Misperception of length of lines Muller-Lyer Illusion

  16. How do our beliefs affect our perception? Definition of the situation We often perceive what we expect to see Our mental predisposition influences what we perceive Perceptual Set

  17. What you see is affected by the context in which you saw it. Context effects

  18. Organizing machines to fit our natural perceptions How could this natural map be made even better? Human factor psychologists

  19. Human factor psychologists: Designing flight instrument displays for pilots

  20. Telepathy Mind-to-mind communication Clairvoyance Perceiving remote events Precognition Perceiving future events Psychokinesis Mind over matter E.g. bending a spoon or raising a table Extrasensory perception

  21. There is no reliable evidence that anyone possesses ESP.

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