The Protestant Reformation

1. The Protestant Reformation 9th Grade Social Studies Fall 2012 Unit 3

2. The Big Picture • Martin Luther began a movement to reform the practices of the Catholic Church that he believed were wrong. • Reformation leaders did not intend to destroy Christian unity but rather redefine it • Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism produced a dramatically new religious map. • Catholic revival, and new tools such as the powerful Jesuit order, preserved much of territory for Catholicism, but it could not stem division. • The result was a period of confusion and considerable conflict, including concern about witchcraft.

3. Why we study this unit: • Martin Luther's protests over the abuses in the Catholic Church led to a permanent split within Christianity. • Nearly one-fifth of the Christians in today's world are Protestants • The Reformation's questioning of beliefs and authority laid the ground work for the Enlightenment.

4. Essential Questions: • How did abuses in the church spark widespread criticism? • How did Martin Luther challenge Catholic authority and teachings? • What role did John Calvin play in the Reformation?

5. Essential Questions: • What were the effects of Protestantism in England? • What reforms were made in the Catholic Church? • What were the religious and social effects of the Counter-Reformation?

6. Units: • Last Unit: The Renaissance • Current Unit: Protestant Reformation • Next Unit: Absolutism

7. Even Days: Learning Activity/Assessment • 11/7: Luther video Qs • 11/7: Causes of Reformation • 11/7: Protestant Reformation Part 1 • 11/9: Religions Chart • 11/9: Luther Flowchart • 11/9: Spread of Protestantism Qs • 11/13: Luther vs. Calvin G.R. • 11/13: Protestant Reformers chart • 11/13: P.R. Review part 1 • 11/15: Pr. Spread to England

8. Even Days • 11/15: Pr. Spread to England • 11/26: Tudor Family Tree • 11/26: Tudor Monarchs Webquest • 11/28: Actions of English Ref. • 11/28: Elizabethan Settlement • 11/28: Counter Ref. part 1

9. Even Days • 11/30: Catholic Problems/Solutions • 11/30: Counter Ref. part 2 • 12/4: Counter-Reformation Notes • 12/4: Effects of the Counter-Reformation • 12/4: PR Quiz Review part 2

10. Odd Days • 11/5: Luther video Qs • 11/5: Protestant Reformation Part 1 • 11/8: Causes of Reformation • 11/8: Religions Chart • 11/8: Spread of Protestantism Qs • 11/12: Luther Flowchart • 11/12: Luther vs. Calvin G.R. • 11/14: Protestant Reformers chart • 11/14: P.R. Review part 1 • 11/16: Pr. Spreads to England

11. Odd Days • 11/16: Pr. Spread to England • 11/27: Tudor Family Tree • 11/27: Tudor Monarchs Webquest • 11/29: Actions of English Ref. • 12/3: Elizabethan Settlement • 12/3: Actions of Monarchs • 12/3: Counter Ref. part 1 • 12/3: Catholic Problems/Solutions • 12/3: Counter Ref. part 2

12. ODD DAYS • 12/3: Counter Ref. part 1 • 12/3: Catholic Problems/Solutions • 12/3: Counter Ref. part 2 • 12/5: Counter Ref. notes • 12/5: Effects of Counter Ref. • 12/5: PR part 2 Review

13. Applied • 11/12: Protestant Ref. part 1 • 11/12: Causes of Reformation • 11/12: Luther Video Qs • 11/14: Religions Chart • 11/14: Luther Flowchart • 11/14: Spread of Protestantism Qs • 11/16: Calvin vs. Luther G.R. • 11/27: P.R. Quiz Review

14. Applied • 11/29: Spread of PR to England • 12/3: Tudor Family Tree • 12/3: Henry VIII’s Wives • 12/5: Bloody Mary Video Qs • 12/5: Elizabethan Settlement • 12/5: Elizabeth I Qs

15. Protestant Reformation Terms – Colum I • Protestant Reformation • Indulgences • Martin Luther • 95 Theses • Edict of Worms • Theocracy • John Calvin • Predestination • Charles V • Zwingli

16. Protestant Reformation Terms – Column II • Henry VIII • Anglican Church • Act of Supremacy • Annulled • Edward VI • Mary Tudor • Elizabeth I

17. Counter-Reformation Terms • Counter-Reformation • Jesuits • Ignatius of Loyola • Council of Trent • Francis of Sales • Teresa of Avila • Inquisition

18. 1. How did abuses in the church spark widespread criticism? • People believed the church has strayed from its religious roots because of their political influence, wealth, and worldliness. • Common criticisms included financial corruption, abuse of power, immorality and heavy taxation. • Above all, the sale of indulgences sparked widespread criticism from Martin Luther.

19. 2. How did Martin Luther challenge Catholic authority and teachings? • Martin Luther challenged the basic beliefs of the Catholic Church in his 95 Theses. • Luther believed faith alone was needed for salvation and rejected good deeds. • He believed Jesus was the true leader of the Church and denied the pope's authority. • Finally, Luther thought that the only source of religious truth was the Bible.

20. 3. What role did John Calvin play in the Reformation? • Calvin held similar beliefs to Luther on salvation by faith alone and that the only source of religious truth was the Bible. • He believed that predestination determined one's afterlife and it could not be changed by one's actions. • He established a theocracy, where the government was run by church leaders.

21. 4. What were the effects of Protestantism in England? • Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church for political reasons. • After the pope refused to annul his first marriage, Henry declared himself the head of the Church and denied papal authority. • After his death, England faced religious fighting under Protestant King Edward VI and Catholic Queen Mary. • Finally, Elizabeth created a religious compromise that restored peace and firmly establish England as a Protestant nation.

22. 5. What reforms were made by the Catholic Church? • The Council of Trent was convened by Pope Paul III to address the problems of financial abuse and clergy corruption. • The Jesuits used education and built schools, hospitals, and missions to combat the spread of Protestantism. • Women played an active role in reforming church practices, helping the poor, and educating girls

23. 6. What were the religious and social effects of the Counter-Reformation? • The Counter Reformation slowed the spread of Protestantism but Europe remained divided between the Catholic south and Protestant north. • The Counter-Reformation increased religious turmoil between Catholics and non-Catholics. • Divisions occurred between the Protestant churches because of differences in their beliefs. • Muslims and Jews were viewed as heretics and forced to convert. • Fear inspired the persecution of people accused of practicing witchcraft.