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The potential benefits of Green Water Credits

The potential benefits of Green Water Credits. Part 1: Quantifying the role and advantages for upstream farmers. Johannes Hunink Peter Droogers Wilco Terink Sjef Kauffman Godert van Lynden. First : the basic principles. Water always flows downhill So do sediments and nutrients

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The potential benefits of Green Water Credits

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  1. The potential benefits ofGreen Water Credits Part 1: Quantifying the role and advantages for upstream farmers • Johannes Hunink Peter Droogers Wilco Terink Sjef Kauffman Godert van Lynden

  2. First: thebasicprinciples • Wateralwaysflowsdownhill • So do sediments and nutrients  Itfollowsthatland/watermanagementupstream: • Can positivelyinfluencefoodsecurityupstream • Can positivelyinfluencewatersupplydownstream

  3. Quantifying GWC Impact Changes? Water Consumption? Soil Water Conservation impact? Productive Use? Water Demand? Water Supply?

  4. Example of potential benefits

  5. WHAT to quantify? • Supply Biophysicialassessment • Supply vs. Demand Cost-benefitanalysis

  6. HOW to quantify? • Observations in field (flows, erosion) • Precipitation dominant factor • Large scale • experimental plots not possible • a lot of experimental data is already available • Simulation model • experimental basin in PC • multiple options can be tested • various weather conditions (dry-wet)

  7. River basinsoiland water conservation

  8. Methodology • Hydrological models as a tool to simulate the paths of water and soil movement • Upstream-downstream interactions

  9. Methodology • Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) • Physically based • Focus on water-erosion-land management processes • Public domain • Large user-group worldwide • Successfully applied in many other studies worldwide as well as in Kenya

  10. Data Elevation Landuse Soils Climate

  11. Model Reliability

  12. Selection of GWC options • 11 options explored • Bench terraces • Conservation tillage • Contour tillage • FanyaJuu terraces • Grass strips • Micro-catchments for planting fruit trees • Mulching • Rangelands • Ridging • Riverine protection • Trash lines • Labor: intensive vs. extensive • Investment: low vs. high • Implementation on 20% of area ~ 100,000 farmers

  13. Results: temporal

  14. Results: spatial • F.e. erosion rates may drop considerably in some areas • Relative reduction depends on • location and • crop and land management

  15. Results: Spatial targeting

  16. Results: Key Indicators • Upstream • Crop transpiration • Soil evaporation • Groundwater recharge • Erosion • Downstream • Inflow Masinga • Sediment load Masinga • Climate • dry (2005) • wet (2006)

  17. Results: Key Indicators

  18. Results: Increase in Benefits

  19. The potential benefits ofGreen Water Credits Part 2: Quantifying profits for downstream water users Peter Droogers Wilco Terink Johannes Hunink Sjef Kauffman Godert van Lynden

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