Main Ideas The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in Confederate states.

1. Main Ideas • The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in Confederate states. • African Americans participated in the war in a variety of ways. • President Lincoln faced opposition to the war. • Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians alike. • Big Idea • The lives of many Americans were affected by the Civil War. Ellie Flynn

2. Main Idea 1: The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in Confederate states. By Margaret Mahlke

3. Emancipation Proclamation • Millions of enslaved African Americans were at the heart of the nation’s bloody struggle. • Abolitionists urged Lincoln to free the slaves. • Lincoln declared, “There is no reason in the world why the negro is not entitled to all the natural rights numerated in the Declaration of Independence-the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” • Lincoln found: • Emancipation-freeing of slaves, a difficult issue • Did not believe he had constitutional power • Worried about the effects Margaret Mahlke

4. Margaret Mahlke

5. Lincoln Issues the Proclamation • Northerners opinions of abolishing slavery: • Democratic Party opposed emancipation • Abolitionists argued that war was pointless without freedom for African Americans. • Some predicted it would anger voters. Lincoln worried about losing support for war. • On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation,freeing slaves only in areas controlled by Confederacy • Military order that freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy • Impossible to enforce where it actually applied • Went into effect on January 1, 1863 Margaret Mahlke

6. Reaction to the Proclamation • African Americans gave thanks on December 31, 1862, New Year’s Eve • Abolitionists rejoiced. • Fredrick Douglas called Jan. 1, 1863, “the great day which is to determine the destiny not only of the American Public, but that of the American Continent.” • Some noted that system of slavery was still used in loyal slave states. • Proclamation encouraged many enslaved African Americans to escape when Union troops came near. • Loss of slaves crippled the South’s ability to wage war. Margaret Mahlke

7. This picture shows Lincoln and his cabinet after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. http://www.democratsforprogress.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/proclamationcabinet.jpg • This is a quote of Lincoln about slavery. Margaret Mahlke http://izquotes.com/quotes-pictures/quote-where-slavery-is-there-liberty-cannot-be-and-where-liberty-is-there-slavery-cannot-be-abraham-lincoln-385628.jpg

8. Main Idea 2: African Americans participate in the war in a variety of ways. By: Ellie Flynn

9. African Americans voluntarily participated in the war. • The right to join the army in South Carolina was given to contrabands, or escaped slaves by the War Department. • The 54th Massachusetts Infantry was mainly African American and was celebrated for its bravery. • In the Union army about 180,000 African Americans served. • Ellie Flynn

10. http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0554003015 Ellie Flynn

11. Congress began allowing the Army to sign up African American as laborers in July 1862. • African Americans in the army received $10 a month, while white soldiers got $13. • By Spring 1863, African American army units were proving themselves in combat. Ellie Flynn

12. The flyer use to recruit African Americans for the war. Ellie Flynn http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0554003015

13. The 54TH Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was one of the first official black units in the U.S. armed forces. Their courageous assault on Fort Wagner played a key role in bringing about an end to slavery. Ellie Flynn http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th

14. “ Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S.; … and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on the earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.” • - Fredrick Douglas, quoted in The life and Writings of Fredrick Douglas Ellie Flynn

15. President Lincoln faced opposition to the war Lincoln running the war, he had to deal with tensions in the North. Bridget Bailie

16. The mouths rolled on the death was increasing • A group of northern Democrats began speaking out of the war • Led by U.S. Representative Clement L. Vallandigham of Ohio • Copperheads – were Midwesterners that sympathized the south • Believed the war was not necessary also called for it to end • Lincoln saw the copperhead as a threat to the war effort • To silence them Lincoln suspended habeas corpus, orprotection against unlawful imprisonment, to jail the enemies of the Union CopperheadS Bridget Bailie

17. In march 1863 war critics erupted • Critics erupted when Congress approved the draft, or forced military service • For $300, men could buy their way out of service • For unskilled workers, this was a year’s wage • Critics of the draft called the Civil War a “rich man’s war and a poor man fight • In July 1863 African American were brought to New York City to replace striking Irish dock workers • Bloody rioting broke out in New York, killing 100 people • Bridget Bailie Northern draft

18. http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0554003015

19. Tense situation the northern democrats nominated General George McClellan for president in 1864 • Called for immediate end to the war • Lincoln defeated McClellan in the popular vote • Winning by about 400,000 out of 4 million • The electoral vote was in Lincoln favor 212 for Lincoln and 21 for McClellan Northern Draft cont. Bridget Bailie

20. Main Idea 4 :Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians alike The way of life for civilians and soldiers was drastically changed by the war. Riley Hornilla

21. Civil War armies fought using ancient battlefield formations that produced massive casualties • Endless rows of troops fired directly at one another • Soldiers would attach bayonets to their guns • Men died to gain every inch of ground • Used to communicate using drum signals • Some drummers – only nine years old • Often saw deadly combat conditions • Today, battlefield communications are primarily electronic • Riley Hornilla On the Battlefield

22. VS. Union Signal Corps Modern battlefield communications Riley Hornilla

23. Doctors and nurses in the field saved many lives • Many soldiers endured the horror of having infected legs and arms amputated without painkillers • Had no medicines to stop infections that developed in wounds • Infections from minor injuries caused many deaths • The biggest killer in the Civil War was not the fighting • The biggest killer in the war was disease, such as typhoid, pneumonia, and tuberculosis • Nearly twice as many soldiers died of illnesses as died in combat Riley Hornilla On the Battlefield cont.

24. Military prisoners on both sides lived in misery • Large camps were in Andersonville, Georgia, and Elmira, New York • Soldiers were packed into camps meant to hold only a fraction of their numbers • They had little shelter, food, or clothing Starvation and disease killed thousands Riley Hornilla Prisoners of War

25. Riley Hornilla • The war effort involved all levels of society • Women and males too young or too old for military service worked in factories and farms • Economy in the North boomed as production and prices soared • Lack of workers caused wages to rise by 43 percent between 1860 and 1865 • Women were the backbone of civilian life • On farms, they performed daily chores usually done by men • One visitor to Iowa in 1862 reported that he “met more women…at work in the fields than men.” • Southern women also managed farms and plantations. Life as a Civilian

26. Riley Hornilla • Brought strength and comfort to many wounded Union soldiers • Organized the collection of medicine and supplies for delivery to the battlefield • Worked in field hospitals • Referred to as “angel of the battlefield” • Soothed the wounded and the dying • Her work formed the basis for the future American Red Cross • Sally Louisa Tompkins established a small hospital in Richmond, Virginia • End of war – major army hospital • Jefferson Davis made her a captain in the Confederate Army Important Women

27. Riley Hornilla Clara Barton Sally Louisa Tompkins http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Sllay+Louisa+Tompkins&qpvt=Sllay+Louisa+Tompkins&FORM=IGRE

28. BookChapter or Section Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White. "Daily Life during the War." United States History. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Wintson, 2009. 528-34.      Print. •   Video Clip (Online)General Video ContentView live Web pageArchive & annotate pageMassachusetts 54th Regiment. History. A&E Television Networks, 2014. Web. 15 May      2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/ american-civil-war-history/videos/gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th>. Bibliography