1 / 64

August 14, 2003 Blackout

August 14, 2003 Blackout. Summary Based on Interim Report of the United States – Canada Power Outage Task Force November 19, 2003. U.S.-Canada Interim Report. Released November 19, 2003 Result of an exhaustive bi-national investigation

colton-wise
Download Presentation

August 14, 2003 Blackout

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. August 14, 2003 Blackout Summary Based on Interim Report of the United States – Canada Power Outage Task Force November 19, 2003

  2. U.S.-Canada Interim Report • Released November 19, 2003 • Result of an exhaustive bi-national investigation • Working groups on electric system, nuclear plant performance and security • Hundreds of professionals on investigation teams performed extensive analysis • Interim report produced by the teams and accepted by the bi-national Task Force

  3. Overview • Overview of power system and reliability • Pre-outage conditions on August 14 • Trigger events and start of cascade • Wide area cascade • Root causes • Next steps

  4. Power System Overview

  5. Reliability Overview • Balance generation and demand • Balance reactive power supply and demand • Monitor flows and observe thermal limits • Observe power and voltage stability limits • Operate for unplanned contingencies • Plan, design and maintain a reliable system • Prepare for emergencies Reliably operate the system you have!

  6. 3 Interconnections / 10 NERC Regions

  7. NERC Control Areas

  8. NERC Reliability Coordinators

  9. Footprints of Reliability Coordinators in Midwest

  10. NERC Immediate Response to Blackout • First hours • Worked closely with NERC Reliability Coordinators • Identified what had tripped and extent of outage • Assessed restoration efforts • Maintained open line with DOE/FERC • Communicated with DHS, White House, and NRC • First days • Assigned project manager • Established Steering Group with industry executive experts • Began organizing investigation teams • 90+ volunteers + entire NERC staff

  11. Investigation Organization Overview Steering Group U.S – Canada Task Force Investigation Team Lead Root Cause Analysis Cooper Systems Investigation Process Review Vegetation/ROW Management Project Planning and Support Transmission System Performance, Protection, Control Maintenance & Damage NERC & Regional Standards/Procedures & Compliance Sequence of Events MAAC/ECAR/NPCC Coordinating Group MAAC Operations - Tools, SCADA/EMS Communications Op Planning Generator Performance, Protection, Controls Maintenance & Damage Restoration ECAR Frequency/ACE Data Requests and Management NPCC System Modeling and Simulation Analysis System Planning, Design, & Studies MEN Study Group

  12. Data Gathering and Analysis • Three fact-finding meetings • August 22 • September 8-9 • October 1-3 • Onsite interviews and inspections • Secure database of outage information • Extensive corroboration of data to determine facts • Analysis by teams of technical experts

  13. Root Cause Analysis • Logical structure for investigating complex problems • Identifies changes, conditions, actions, or inactions at each causal step • Starts with final event and drills back through each branch of causal tree. • Asks “why?” at each step. • Accurate, reliable, defensible understanding of the root causes. Successfully used to investigate root causes of PJM voltage stability condition in July 1999 and established history in nuclear and defense industries.

  14. 16:15 16:06 15:05 Root Cause Analysis Phases BLACKOUT Sammis – Star Star – South Canton Hanna – Juniper Chamberlin - Harding Initial Focus Pre-Existing Conditions E.g. voltages, wide- area transfers, line and generator outages, etc.

  15. August 14 Conditions Prior to Blackout • Planned outages • Cook 2, Davis Besse nuclear plants • East Lake 4, and Monroe 1 • Transfers high to northeast U.S. + Ontario • Not unusually so and not above transfer limits • Critical voltage day • Voltages within limits • Operators taking action to boost voltages • Frequency • Typical for a summer day • System was within limits prior to 15:05, on both actual and contingency basis

  16. Warm But Not Unusual for August

  17. August 14 Imports to Northeast-Central Compared to 6/1 to 8/13/2003

  18. Voltages Prior to 15:05 EDT August 14

  19. Frequency Typical for Summer Day

  20. Blackout was NOT Caused by • Heavy wide-area transfers • Low voltages, voltage collapse • Lack of IPP voltage/reactive support • Frequency anomalies • Cinergy outages starting at 12:08 • East Lake 5 trip at 13:31 • Contributing factor to later events, but not by itself causal to the blackout • DPL Stuart-Atlanta trip at 14:02 • Contributing factor to loss of MISO real-time monitoring, but not electrically significant

  21. Outage Sequence of EventsTransmission Map Key

  22. ONTARIO ONTARIO East Lake 5 Trip: 1:31:34 PM 2 1

  23. East Lake 5 Exciter Failure Causes Trip

  24. Stuart Atlanta Trip: 2:02 PM

  25. MISO State Estimator and Reliability Analysis • MISO state estimator and contingency analysis ineffective from 12:37 to 16:04 • State estimator not solving due to missing information on lines out in Cinergy then DPL • Human error in not resetting SE automatic trigger • Using Flowgate Monitoring tool to monitor conditions on previously identified critical flowgates

  26. FirstEnergy Computer Failures • 14:14 Alarm logger fails and operators are not aware • No further alarms to FE operators • 14:20 Several remote consoles fail • 14:41 EMS server hosting alarm processor and other functions fails to backup • 14:54 Backup server fails • EMS continues to function but with very degraded performance (59 second refresh) • FE system data passed normally to others: MISO and AEP • AGC function degraded and strip charts flat-lined • 15:08 IT warm reboot of EMS appears to work but alarm process not tested and still in failed condition • No contingency analysis of events during the day including loss of East Lake 5 and subsequent line trips

  27. Phone Calls to FirstEnergy • FE received calls from MISO, AEP, and PJM indicating problems on the FE system but did not recognize evolving emergency • 14:32 AEP calls regarding trip and reclose of Star-S. Canton • 15:19 AEP calls again confirming Star-S. Canton trip and reclose • 15:35 Calls received about “spikes” seen on system • 15:36 MISO calls FE regarding contingency overload on Star-Juniper for loss of Hanna-Juniper • 15:45 FE tree trimming crew calls in regarding Hanna-Juniper flashover to a tree • PJM called MISO at 15:48 and FE at 15:56 regarding overloads on FE system

  28. Chamberlin-Harding (3:05:41)

  29. Chamberlin-Harding Indication of Ground Fault Due to Tree Contact as Measured by DFR at Juniper

  30. Hanna-Juniper (3:32:03) (3:05:41)

  31. Hanna Juniper Confirmed as Tree Contact atLess than Emergency Ratings of Line

  32. Effects of Ambient Conditions on Ratings

  33. (3:05:41) (3:32:03) Star- S. Canton (3:41:35)

  34. ONTARIO Situation after Initial Trips 3:05:41 – 3:41:35

  35. Canton Central – Tidd (3:45:41)

  36. 138 kV Lines Overload and Cascade Near Akron

  37. 138 kV Cascade Contributes Furtherto Overload of Sammis-Star 15:51:41 EDT 15:05:41 EDT 16:05:55 EDT 15:32:03 EDT 15:41:35 EDT

  38. Sammis-Star (4:05:57.5)

  39. Sammis-Star Zone 3 Relay Operateson Steady State Overload

  40. Actual Loading on Critical Lines

  41. Actual Voltages Leading to Sammis-Star

  42. Remaining Paths Major Path to Cleveland Blocked after Loss of Sammis-Star 4:05:57.5 PM

  43. ONTARIO 345 kV Lines Trip Across Ohio to West

  44. ONTARIO Generation Trips 4:09:08 – 4:10:27 PM

  45. 345 kV Transmission Cascade Moves North into Michigan 4:10:36 – 4:10:37 PM

  46. Northern Ohio and Eastern Michigan Served Only from Ontario after 4:10:37.5 – 4:10:38.6 PM

  47. Power Transfers Shift at 4:10:38.6 PM

  48. Eastern Eastern Michigan (Detroit) UnstableVoltage and Frequency Collapse and Pole Slipping Ontario – Michigan Interface Flow and Voltages Beginning 16:10:38

  49. Generator Trips to 16:10:38

  50. Generator Trips – Next 7 Seconds

More Related