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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Maps Lesson 2 Technology and Mapmaking Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. How are Earth’s surface features measured and modeled?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

colt-nelson
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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Maps Lesson 2 Technology and Mapmaking Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. How are Earth’s surface features measured and modeled? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. Maps help determine locations on Earth. 2. All Earth models are spherical. 3. World maps are drawn accurately for every location. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Topographic maps show changes in surface elevations. 5. The colors on geological maps show the colors of the surface rocks. 6. Satellites are far too far from Earth to collect useful information about Earth’s surface. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Maps • How can a map help determine a location? • Why are there different map projections for representing Earth’s surface? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. Maps • map view • profile view • map legend • map scale • longitude • latitude • time zone • International Date Line Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. Understanding Maps • A map is a model of Earth. • Most maps are drawn in map view—drawn as if you were looking down on an area from above Earth’s surface. • Map view is also known as plan view. • A profile view is a drawing showing a vertical “slice” through the ground. Lesson 1-1

  9. Lesson 1-1

  10. Understanding Maps(cont.) Maps have two features to help you read and understand the map: a series of symbols called a map legend, and a ratio, which establishes the map scale. Lesson 1-1

  11. Understanding Maps(cont.) A map legend is a key that lists all the symbols used on the map that help you interpret the symbols. map legend Lesson 1-1

  12. Understanding Maps(cont.) legend Science Use part of a map that explains the map symbols Common Use a story coming down from the past Lesson 1-1

  13. Understanding Maps(cont.) Model builders typically use scale to make the model measurements accurate to the measurements of the real object. Lesson 1-1

  14. Understanding Maps(cont.) Amap scale is the relationship between a distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground. Lesson 1-1

  15. Reading Maps • Long ago, mapmakers created a grid system of two sets of imaginary lines, called longitude and latitude, which encircle Earth. • Mapmakers started the grid system with a vertical line that circled Earth and passes through the North Pole and the South Pole. Lesson 1-2

  16. Reading Maps(cont.) • The half of this vertical circle that passes through Greenwich, England, is known as the prime meridian. • The other half of this vertical circle is the 180° meridian. Lesson 1-2

  17. Reading Maps(cont.) Similar circles are drawn at every degree east and west of the prime meridian. These lines are referred to as lines of longitude. longitude from Latin longitudo, means “length” Lesson 1-2

  18. Reading Maps(cont.) • A location’s longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. • The prime meridian and the 180° meridian divide Earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. Lesson 1-2

  19. Reading Maps(cont.) The lines east of the prime meridian are called east longitude, and the lines west of the prime meridian are called west longitude. Lesson 1-2

  20. Reading Maps(cont.) • Mapmakers also drew horizontal lines from east to west around Earth. The equator is the center and largest circle of these horizontal lines. • The equator divides Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Lesson 1-2

  21. Reading Maps(cont.) • Parallel circles are drawn at every degree north and south of the equator. These lines are referred to as lines of latitude. • The North Pole and the South Pole are each indicated by a dot at 90° N and 90° S. • A location’s latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator. Lesson 1-2

  22. Reading Maps(cont.) Together, longitude and latitude are used to pinpoint a location on Earth. Lesson 1-2

  23. Reading Maps(cont.) What relationship do lines of longitude and lines of latitude have? Lesson 1-2

  24. Plotting Locations • Any location on Earth can be described by the intersection of the closest line of latitude and the closest line of longitude. • Because longitude and latitude lines are far apart, we divide each degree into 60 minutes (') and each minute into 60 seconds (") to help pinpoint locations. Lesson 1-3

  25. Plotting Locations(cont.) How do latitude and longitude describe a location on Earth? Lesson 1-3

  26. Time Zones • Time zones were created to make travel and doing business easier for everyone. • A time zone is the area on Earth’s surface between two meridians where people use the same time. Lesson 1-3

  27. Time Zones(cont.) The width of a time zone is 15° longitude, but they are sometimes altered at political boundaries. Lesson 1-3

  28. Time Zones(cont.) • The International Date Line is the line of longitude 180° east or west of the prime meridian. • When you cross the date line from east to west, it is a day later. • The International Date Line does not follow the 180° meridian exactly, because some island groups would be divided by the line. Lesson 1-3

  29. Map Projections • One way to transfer features from a globe to a flat map is to make a projection. • There are two types of projections that can be used to transfer features from a globe to a flat map: cylindrical projections and conical projections. Lesson 1-4

  30. Map Projections (cont.) Both cylindrical and conical projections result in some distortion. Lesson 1-4

  31. Map Projections (cont.) What are the advantages and disadvantages of cylindrical projections and conical projections? Lesson 1-4

  32. Finding locations on a map or a globe can be done accurately by using grid lines called longitude and latitude. Lesson 1 - VS

  33. Different projections offer different solutions to the distortion problem of transferring three dimensions into two dimensions. Lesson 1 - VS

  34. Which of these describes a view drawn as if you were looking down on an area from above Earth’s surface? A. earth view C. aerial view B. legend view D. map view Lesson 1 – LR1

  35. What do model builders use to make model measurements accurate to the measurements of the real object? A. size C. scale B. weight D. legend Lesson 1 – LR2

  36. Which of these terms refers to the distance in degrees north or south of the equator? A. longitude B. latitude C. scale D. ratio Lesson 1 – LR3

  37. 1. Maps help determine locations on Earth. 2. All Earth models are spherical. 3. World maps are drawn accurately for every location. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  38. Technology and Mapmaking • What can a topographic map tell you about the shape of the Earth’s surface? • What can you learn from geologic maps about the rocks near Earth’s surface? • How can modern technology be used in map making? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  39. Technology and Mapmaking • topographic map • elevation • relief • contour line • contour interval • slope • geologic map • cross section • remote sensing Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  40. Types of Maps A topographic map shows the detailed shapes of Earth’s surface, along with its natural and human-made features. topography from Greek topos, means “place”; and graphein, means “to write” Lesson 2-1

  41. Types of Maps(cont.) A topographic map helps give you a picture of what the landscape looks like without seeing it. Robert Glusic/Getty Images Lesson 2-1

  42. Types of Maps(cont.) • The height above sea level of any point on Earth’s surface is its elevation. • The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point in an area is called relief. Lesson 2-1

  43. Types of Maps(cont.) Contour lines are lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation. Lesson 2-1

  44. Types of Maps(cont.) • The elevation difference between contours that are next to each other is called the contour interval. • Slope is a measure of the steepness of the land. Lesson 2-1

  45. Types of Maps(cont.) • If the contours are spaced far apart, the slope is gradual or flat, but if the contours are close together, the slope is steep. • The information contour lines provide on a topographic map can be used to draw an accurate profile of the topography. Lesson 2-1

  46. Types of Maps(cont.) What can you learn about the features at Earth’s surface from studying contour lines? Lesson 2-1

  47. Lesson 2-1

  48. Types of Maps(cont.) • Geologic maps show the surface geology of the mapped area and may include rock types, their ages, and locations of faults. • On a geologic map, different colors represent different geologic formations. • A geologic formation is a volume of a particular kind of rock. Lesson 2-1

  49. Geologic Map Lesson 2-1

  50. Types of Maps(cont.) A cross section is a diagram showing a vertical slice through the rocks below the surface. Lesson 2-1

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