上海建桥学院大学英语制作

1. Book One 上海建桥学院大学英语制作

2. Friendship Unit Two

3. Text A All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter

4. Content • Background Information • Warm-up Activity • Text Organization • Sentence Study • Words and Phrases • Text Analysis

5. Background Information

6. Halloween: Halloween is celebrated annually. It is on the night of 31 October, when people once believed that gho9sts could be seen. Now, in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been removed, and play “trick or treat”. Background Information

7. Trick or treat is a traditional activity at Halloween. Children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say “Trick or treat”. This means that they will play a “trick” or joke on the people in the house unless they are given a “treat”, e. g. sweets or money. Most people prefer to give treats rather than having tricks played on Background Information

8. Warm-up Activity

9. A man dies often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by new contacts, new life. -------Francis Bacon Francis Bacon was a famous British thinker, politician and empirical philosopher, and at the same time, a pioneer of experimental science. Warm-up Activity Read the following quotations and give the Chinese version.

10. A faithful friend is the medicine of life. ------ William Shakespeare (the most famous and greatest British playwright) Warm-up Activity Read the following quotations and give the Chinese version.

11. A friend, as it were, a second self. -------Cicero (106 B. C. ---- 43 B. C.) Cicero was a famous Roman politician, speaker and philosopher. Warm-up Activity Read the following quotations and give the Chinese version.

12. Text Organization

13. Text organization • Parts : Part One • Paragraphs : Paras. 1—20 • Main Ideas : • From a conversation with the cab drier the author learned how much he regretted failing to keep up correspondence with his old friend Ed.

14. Text organization Parts : Part Two Paragraphs : Paras. 21—35 Main Ideas : Reading the letter by himself, the author learned more about the lifelong friendship between the driver and Old Ed.

15. Text organization Parts : Part Three Paragraphs : Paras. 36 Main Ideas : The driver’s experience urged the author to reach for his pen.

16. Sentence Study

17. …it might just as well have been family. （Line 2, P 4) • 【解析】 • If you say that you might/may (just) as well do something, you mean that you will do it although you don’t have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it. Sentence study This part comes down to two categories: the sentences whose structures differ from Chinese one and those carrying active verbs.

18. Sentence study 1) Anyway, you’re here; you might as well. 2) The post office is really busy—we’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home

19. 【解析】 This sentence equals to “I’m not good at writing.” Sentence study 2. I’m not much of a hand at writing. （Line 5 and 6, para 6) 我这人就是不大会写东西。

20. Sentence study 1). Some people may think that doing housework for others is not much of a career. 2). He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor. races stick to discipline so rigidly as the Japanese one.

21. 【解析】 This sentence means “We were kids since childhood, so our friendship has existed for a very long time. Sentence study 3. We were kids together, so we go way back. (para 8)

22. Sentence study 4. It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver,… （line 6, para 21) 信里提到些事，可能对司机来说很重要。 【解析】 “had references to things” means “mentioned things”; “meant something to the driver” indicates something important to the driver. e.g. What the premier said at the conference means a lot to the current economic conditions.

23. Sentence study 5. “Like it says there,” he answered, “about all we had to spend in those days was time.” （para 23) “就像信里写的那样，”他回答说，“我俩在那个时候能化的就只有时间。”他摇头叹道：“时间啊。” 【解析】 This sentence equals to: As the letter says, though we didn’t have much money we had a lot of free time in those days.

24. Sentence study 6. He looked sort of sorrowful, or as if he were trying to see something in the distance. （para 35) 他神情 有点悲伤，好像要看清楚远处什么东西。 【解析】 …or as if he were…distance.: The subjunctive mood is often used, esp. in American English, after as if when the comparison is “unreal”. e. g. John talks as if he were a billionaire. (But he is not.) cf. It looks as if it’s going to rain. (Very like it is.)

25. Words and Phrases

26. 1. be lost in/lose oneself in vt. be absorbed in, be fully occupied with 专心致志于 Words and Phrases e.g. 1) Henry was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room. 2) She was lost in her novel. 3) I had lost myself in thought.

27. 2. estimate vt. form a judgment about 估计 Words and Phrases e.g. 1) I estimate that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000. 2) Bill’s personal riches were estimated at $368 million.

28. 3. urge vt. try very hard to persuade 力劝，催促 (often used in the pattern urge sb. to do sth. or followed by a that-clause. In the that-clause, “should” or the base form of a verb is used. ) Words and Phrases • e.g. • I urged my cousin to take a year off to study drawing. • Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.

29. 4. postpone vt. delay 推迟，使延期 Words and Phrases e.g. 1)The couple had postponed having children to establish their careers.

30. 5. go by (of time) pass （时间）逝去 Words and Phrases e.g. 1)Her daughter was becoming more and more beautiful as the years went by. 2) As each month goes by, the economic situation gets better.

31. 6. hang out (infml) stay in or near a place, not doing very much 闲逛，徘徊 Words and Phrases e.g. 1)I often hang out in coffee bars while I was unemployed. 2)That’s the corner where all the kids hang out.

32. 7. skip vt. 略过，跳过 Words and Phrases e.g. As time is limited, we will have to skip some of the exercises in Unit 10.” said the teacher.

33. Text Analysis

34. Text Analysis Spoken English sentence In spoken English, sentences tend to be simple and short. Some sentences are incomplete, for example: “(Is this letter) From a child or maybe a grandchild?” (You) Went to school together? “Time.” “(I have) Enjoyed talking with you.”

35. Text Analysis Spoken English words and phrases In conversation people are liable to use words and phrases that are not usually used in written English, for example: Sort of, kind of , you know, I think, I guess, I take it, well, go ahead, hang out, it’s no fun to do sth. not much of a hand at doing sth. a couple of , every now and then, an awful lot.

36. Text Analysis • How to keep the conversation going? • For one thing, the author expresses his agreement to show that cabbie what a sympathetic listener he is, e.g.: • “Letters from home always mean a lot. At least they do with me because I’m on the road so much.” • “I don’t think any of us keep up our correspondence too well. I know I don’t.” • “Well, we should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do. But things come up and we just don’t seem to find the time.” • …

37. Text Analysis • How to keep the conversation going? • For another, the author asks questions directly to get more information out of the cabbie: … • “You said ‘was’. Does that mean---?” • “Did you two work at the same place?” • “I thought your friend’s name was Ed. Why did he sign it Tom?”

38. Text Analysis • How to keep the conversation going? • Sometimes, the author askes an indirect question by making guesses: • “From a child or maybe a grandchild?” • “Went to school together?” • “I take it he’s someone you’ve known quite a while?” • “You must have spent a lot of time together.” • “That must have made you feel good, didn’t it?”

39. Thank You for Your Attention