Implementing a Testbed for Mobile Multimedia

1. Authors: A.Dutta, J.C Chen, S. Das, M. Elaoud, D. Famolari, S. Madhani, A McAuley, M. Tauil Telcordia Technologies S. Baba, T.Maeda, N. Nakajima, Y. Ohba Toshiba America Research Inc. Henning Schulzrinne Columbia University Presenter: Ashutosh Dutta Implementing a Testbed for Mobile Multimedia

2. ITSUMO Project Internet Technology Supporting Universal Mobile Operations ( Joint Research of Toshiba and Telcordia Technologies)

3. Outline • Motivation • Architecture Components • Protocol Galaxy • Prototype/Signal Flows • Demo (Internal & External)

4. Issue • The New York Times (Aug. 23, 1999, “Multimedia Transmissions Drive Net Toward Gridlock”) • Multimedia streaming is going to be a killer application for the Internet. • Multimedia traffic is RTP/UDP based, applications include • IP telephony • Broadcasting multimedia content • Multi-party conferences, collaborations • Multi-player games • We need a mobility management scheme for multi-media traffic in the wireless Internet

5. Motivation • To realize Wireless Internet Telephony and Mobile multimedia in an internal and external Test-bed to help deployment • Components • Signaling • Configuration • Binding - Session Continuity • Security - BURP/AAA • QoS • Media Delivery - Wireless Multicast • IP-PSTN

6. Internet Multimedia Protocol Stack Media Transport MGCP Quality of Service media encaps (H.261. MPEG) Signaling SDP SAP Application Daemon H.323 SIP RSVP RTCP RTSP DNS RTP LDAP TCP UDP CIP MIPv6 MIP ICMP IGMP MIP variant Network IPv4, IPv6, IP Multicast Kernel PPP AAL3/4 AAL5 PPP CDMA 802.11 V.34 Ethernet Physical SONET ATM

7. Service Profile for all IP wireless network user

8. ITSUMO’s Principles • End-to-end wireless/wireline IP platform Reduce wireless infrastructure cost • Global roaming Enable seamless communication anywhere • Wireless “technology-independence” Common middleware for any wireless interface • Support of real-time and non-real time multimedia services using IP Simplify implementation & reduce cost (e.g.VoIP) • Smooth/seamless interworking with PSTN and today’s mobile telephony Enable communication with existing network

9. Inter-Domain Control Agent Domain Control Agent Domain Control Agent BS The ITSUMO All-IP Network Architecture Control messages (i.e..., signaling) IDCA Visited Network Home Network DCA DCA MS ERC ERC BS Regional IP network Regional IP network Internet IP BS BS Radio Access Network (RAN) Wireline IP backbone network Radio Access Network (RAN) MS: Mobile Station BS: Base Station ERC: Edge Router & Controller

10. VR HR MAAAQ AAAQ SIP Server SIP Server Wireless Internet Roaming SIP: Session Initiation Protocol DCA: Domain Control Agent ERC: Edge Router & Controller MAAAQ: Mobility, AAA, Quality of Service Visiting Network Home Network Visiting Registrar Home Registrar SLA/SA RTP Translator Corresponding Host SIP SIP IPch DRCP DRCP ERC 1 ERC 3 Internet 207.3.232.10 BSC 1 BS BSC 3 ERC 2 BS BSC 2 A 128.59.11.6 207.3.232.10 BS 207.3.240.10 BS D B 128.59.10.6 BS INVITE C • SIP UA in mobiles and hosts.

11. 2G + 3G Wireless Access, Packet Switched Backbone

12. Functionality Protocols Details/Remarks/usage Signaling SIP/MGCP SIP was used for IP end-points. MGCP was used with Call Agent Configuration DRCP - aka Faster registration protocol for Fast wireless roaming users - a variant of (wireless)DHCP fast DHCP Local BURP User registration protocol similar to Authentication (Basic User PPP is for dialup environment for Registration roaming within a domain. Protocol) Inter-Domain Diameter SIP-AAA interaction before the (AAA) registration is successful Inter AAA interaction during domain handoff Location SIP Registration Re-registration upon subnet change Management Dynamic DNS for AAA is involved only after it changes non SIP- sessions a domain. QoS DSNP Dynamically allocates QoS during the subnet handoff Multicast PIM/DVMRP Localized Multicast application Application layer (RTP/RTCP) QoS experiments for Multicast application Intra-domain mobility with fast- handoff Binding SIP based mobility Supports audio/video/white board as management for part of mobility application. real-time (indoor/outdoor) application, MIP for TCP based Wireless Internet Telephony Test-bed Protocols

13. ITSUMO Technology Suites (1/2) • DRCP (Dynamic Rapid Configuration Protocol) *1 • Light weight (i.e., short message length, less number of exchanging messages) network-node configuration protocol suitable for the wireless environment • SIP Mobility *1 • Mobility Management Framework that is realized at the message level of SIP (IETF signaling protocol for VoIP) and fits well with the VoIP and Multimedia application • QoS Architecture *1 • Architecture based on Diffserv (Differentiated Service), that supports wireless user’s free roaming. • Realizing dynamic SLS negotiation between user and network by the original QoS signaling protocol (DSNP). DSNP: Dynamic SLS Negotiation Protocol SLS: Service Level Specification *1: Refer to Appendixes for more information

14. ITSUMO Technology Suites (2/2) • Wireless Multicast • Localized Advertisement using RTCP feedback • Scope-based multicast • AAA Architecture *1 • Based on Diameter (Network-network AAA protocol developing in IETF) framework. • Supporting wireless user’s handoff by the local authentication using temporal “session key”. • Increasing flexibility by designing original protocol, BURP, that is used between user and the network independent of Diameter. • IP-PSTN integration • SIP and MGCP Protocol Suite • Call-Agent • IP based Wireless Access Point • IP centric wireless access point to support a hot spot. • Realization of the soft-handoff in the radio access network consisting of the IP network. AAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting BURP: Basic User Registration Protocol *1: Refer to Appendix for more information

15. Configuration - DRCP Principles • Shrink message size • Minimize messages in transactions • Minimize use of Broadcast • In wireless technologies, e.g., cdma2000, broadcast bandwidth is a scarce resource. One Possible Solution: • Server Advertisement • It gives deterministic use of broadcast. • Client can use link layer unicast. • Tradeoff with latency of configuration.

16. DRCP vs DHCP Messages • DHCP - 236 bytes • DRCP - 14 bytes • 94 % improvement

17. Signaling/Binding - SIP Mobility - Handoff Corresponding Host at Mobile Host at SIP signaling IP0 IP1 RTP Mobile Host Invite user@domain Contact user@IP2 -> IP2 SIP UA SIP signaling IP2 RTP RAT/VIC

18. BS BS SIP Mobility - Handoff - 3. Send Data to New Address 2. re-INVITE Correspondent Host (CH) By sending SIP re-INVITE message from new location, CH starts sending its voice packets to the new location and Communication continues seamlessly

19. QGS: QoS Global Server QLN: QoS Local Node MS: Mobile Station RAN: Radio Access Network ITSUMO QoS Architecture Domain 1 Global IP Network Domain 2 AAA server QGS QGS AAA server DHCP server DHCP server 2 QLN QLN QLN QLN QLN QLN RAN RAN RAN 1 RAN RAN RAN MS

20. ITSUMO AAA Architecture Domain2 (Foreign network) Domain1 (Home network) Pre-shared key for alice@domain1 DIAMETER Server (AAA Foreign) DIAMETER Server (AAA Home) Temporary key foralice@domain1 DIAMETER Client DIAMETER Client BURP Server w/Firewall BURP Server w/Firewall Correspondent Host RAN in Home Net RAN1 RAN2 MobileStation BURP Client NAI=alice@domain1

21. Security • Providing IP-based security mechanism for access networks especially for WLAN • Methods • User authentication (with roaming support) • UNAP (User-Network AAA Protocol) • Runs between user device and Authentication Agent as a front-end AAA protocol such as Diameter/RADIUS • Supports periodical re-authentication for logoff detection and connection hijacking protection • Re-authentication is performed locally between user device and AA • Supports distribution of site-specific security information such as IKE credentials (see below) • Per-packet message encryption and integrity check (with roaming support) • IPsec tunnel between client device and IPsec gateway • Less overhead than PPP-based VPN solution • No pre-configration is needed for IPsec (IKE) parameters in the client device

22. IKE-credential IKE-credential UNAP Hello[username=''xxx@yyy.com''] UNAP Hello_ACK[challenge,username] Diameter Request [challenge, response, username] UNAP Open[challenge, response,username] If check is OK, create a session-key and encrypt it using the password UNAP Open_ACK [ E[session-key], IKE-credential ] Diameter Answer [username, session-key, E[session-key]] session key session key Session Establishment Host UNAPserver with IPsec gateway AAA server password password for user xxx Access Control Status Internet/Intranet

23. IKE-credential IKE-credential IPsec tunne1 Next Step: IPsec Tunnel Creation Host UNAP server with IPsec gateway AAA server IKE message exchange : : Access Control Status Internet/Intranet

24. A Global Streaming Network IAL Inter ACN Links Station Internet in-the Sky Global Broadband LEOs Traditional Radio/TV IP I/F Up link Up link IP I/F Down Link with spot-beam Terrestrial INTERNET Individual Broadcaster Wireless IP I/F Local Server A Local Server C Local Server B Local Ad Server Local Ad Server Local Subnet Local Subnet Local Subnet

25. m1 Local Server m2 RTSP Local Program Ad server Localized Multicast with Multiple Servers IETF protocols SAP- Session Announcement Protocol SDP - Session Description Protocol RTP/RTCP - Real-Time Transport Protocol RTSP – RealTime Streaming Protocol Sources p1 S1 S2 p2 M-Proxy Backbone S1 S0 m1 Local Server m2 RTSP Local Program Ad server (a1,a2) (a3) BS1 BS0 BS2 (P1,a1) P2,a3 (P2,a2) P2,a2

26. SIP UA Mini RGW Mini RGW Call Agent/RGW- IP- PSTN integration CA/SIP server CA/SIP server Solaris/NT Solaris/NT MCAP/SIP-BCPT SIP/MGCP Backbone Network SIP/MGCP Access Gateway Access Gateway SIP/MGCP SIP/MGCP FX board FX board Residential Gateway Residential Gateway DRCP server HA/DRCP server Non-IP Phone Non-IP Phone Base Station Non-IP Phone Base Station IP Phone

27. SIP User to analog phone (SIP-MGCP) PC A Call Connection Agent/SIP server CGW PC B SIP Agent A INVITE Dials CGW Call Processing CRCX+RQNT ACK Resp. 180 Ringing Ringing Tone Offhook Notify ACK RQNT ACK Resp. 200 OK ACK Call Established Notify On hook ACK No suspension message RQNT ACK BYE Hangup detected DLCX+RQNT Performance Data Call Terminates

28. ITSUMO Testbed Architecture Domain 1 Domain 2 Backbone Border Router Border Router 3600 3600 SIP Server/Call Agent SIP Server/Call Agent Multicast Proxy R2 R3 R1 AAA Server SIP Server AAA Server DRCP Server DRCP Server BURP DRCP Server BURP BURP ERC4 ERC3 ERC1 ERC2 External Omni Antenna HA/DRCP Server QOS QOS QOS QOS VLAN Switch VLAN Switch VLAN Switch VLAN Switch External Demo Micro Macro Domain

29. BEA Server 207.3.232.82 207.3.232.112 207.3.232.64/26 backbone DCA1 toshi16 10.1.5.3 10.2.1.1 10.2.1.121 netmeeting 10.1.5.152 10.2.1.122 Indoor Outdoor Outdoor AP Outdoor AP Outdoor AP 10.2.2.152 10.2.2.1 10.2.1.201 onboard router network name = “ITSUMO outdoor” EC GPS client 10.2.2.151 GPS Receiver netmeeting onboard network

30. Unified Mobility Solution Micro Mobility Macro Mobility Domain Mobility MS Detect a change in the point of attachment (from Layer-2 perspective) Detect a change in the point of attachment (from Layer-3 perspective) Detect a change in the point of attachment (from Layer-3 perspective) IP Level Configuration IP Level Configuration DRCP BURP Do Local AAA Do Global AAA DSNP SLS negotiation SIP Mobility Re-invite CH and send Register Msg Re-invite CH and send Register Msg

31. tari.toshiba.com Research.telcordia.com Public SIP Server Broker AAA Diameter Client visited AAA Diameter Server Home AAA Diameter Server Home SIP Server Home SIP Server Diameter Client Diameter Client Intra-domain subnet handoff D R C P Server Diameter Client BURP Server D R C P Server Diameter Client BURP Server D R C P Server Diameter Client BURP Server 2 1 3 4 3 4 2 1 2 Inter-domain subnet handoff 1 DRCP Client BURP Client DRCP Client DRCP Client SIP UA BURP Client BURP Client SIP UA SIP UA MH moves MH MH MH

32. Demonstration using the outdoor extension

33. ITSUMO Testbed (Outdoor Portion） • Performance evaluation under the environment of Outdoor and/or fast moving. • 802.11b (WaveLAN) • Area in a few thousand feet away from the building is covered by several Base Stations (BSs). • Each BS forms a sub-area. The type of inter-sub-area handoff is assigned freely. • It is available to experiment with a car moving at the speed less than around 45MPH. • Service experiment: • IP based Terminal Authentication and/or Handoff • IP based Phone, Video and File share services. Beam 1 Beam 3 Beam 2 Beam 4 Intra- Subnet (Micro) Inter- Domain Inter- Subnet (Macro) IP based Real-time handoff

34. Demonstration using the outdoor extension

35. SIP Indoor Mobility Demonstration

36. Thank You ! • Q and A

37. Backup Slides

38. ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment Base Station -Emulating cdma2000 by using WaveLAN -Mobility test by using the eight radio cells

39. ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment Driving route 300 m

40. Protocol Integration Demonstration • DRCP (terminal config.) • SIP Mobility • Handoff • Location Update • AAA for mobile users • BURP • QoS for mobile • DSNP • Unified Mobility Management

41. 1. Unified Mobility Management ITSUMO approach • Unified Mobility • Each function (i.e. terminal configuration, user registration and location update) must be adapted to the state of handoff, i.e., Micro-, Macro- and Domain Handoff. • Security based on a single framework • Single AAA framework supports both user registration and signaling message authentication (e.g., SIP message authentication using AAA). • QoS with Mobile • Use Diffserv as a foundation to support a mobile user.

42. SIP-AAA Interaction Home AAA Server SIP server/Diameter Client MH Subnet changes SIP Register Time SIP Server/Challenge (401) SIP Registration SIP Register with/Challenge-Response Diameter Request Diameter Reply SIP Register OK

43. Localized Multicast Application with mobility Same subnet m1 R Multicast Agent Stream Server R2 R1 Multicast proxy Mapping: M1 ---> m1 (Cell 1) M1 ----> n1 (Cell 2) M1 Ia Ib Ic Id Msx CGMP/IGMP snooping Sharing multicast address M1 Case1 m1 = n1 Case 2 m1=! n1 Multicast Switch Mx Mx M1 S5 S1 S2 S3 S4 Local content Local content Lmx lm1 m1 Lmx lm1 n1 m1 ia ic id ib ib

44. ITSUMO Value Proposition • ITSUMO offers end users seamless IP connectivity across various wireless/wireline networks. • ITSUMO enables end users to select the best access network in terms of speed, cost and services. • ITSUMO enables network operators to manage a single network for various services and to reduce the cost for maintenance and modifications.

45. What is All IP Wireless and What for?(Research Background) Data becomes dominant even in “wireless” world Data is most efficiently carried by “IP(Internet Protocol)” However, present IP technology cannot carry realtime voice/video in wireless world This causes high infrastructure cost and difficulty in sharing wireline Internet application in wireless world We will first solve this problem by developing - Wireless VoIP, IP signaling, Security, Unified addressing - Evolution scenario from current wireless to IP wireless

46. DRCP Message Flow Server Client ADVERTISEMENT REQUEST Client Server REQUEST/RELEASE REPLY ACK Time axis a) Client moves to new Subnet b) Extending the lease • Send DISCOVER when new server ADVERTISEMENT • OFFER tells if need new IP address, re-register, ...

47. On going work and Future Direction • Multiple Radio Support • Introducing Bluetooth • Shadow MAC addressing • Network management • Monitoring Network in real time • Automatic entity configuration ( i.e. Plug and Play) • IPv6 • Evolution of ITSUMO solution to IPv6 • VoIP • SIP-MGCP-H.323 inter-work with Call Agent • Supporting “Services”, e.g. conference calls, voice mail, • Outdoor Extension / Service Application • Unified Mobility at the Renovated Outdoor Extension • IP paging (DMHA: Dormant Mode Host Alerting) • Location base service • IP Multicast

48. BS BS SIP Mobility Correspondent Host (CH) 1. Move Mobile Host (MH) Established voice communication with SIP

49. ITSUMO Major Achievement • Established basic wireless IP network architecture • IP signaling / IP based base station / Evolution scenario • Proposed original wireless IP protocol suites • 4 original protocols (DRCP,HMMP,DSNP,BURP) created • 21 contributions submitted to IETF/ MWIF/ 3GPP2 • Created patents • 18 patents ongoing application (out of 38 patent ideas) • Developed testbed • Realistic demos for wireless IP network (micro/macro/domain handoff) • Exhibited at major trade shows • PCS 99, CTIA 2000, COMDEX Fall 2000

50. MS Testbed Network Configuration 207.3.232.64 Backbone ( The Internet ) Home SIP Server (Registrar) Correspondent Host (CH) DCA2 (AAAf) DCA1 (AAAh) Click to edit Master title style ERC1 (DRCP,QLN,BURP,FW) 10.1.1.x 10.1.3.x 10.1.4.x