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White Blood Cells: Analysis and Function in the Blood System

Explore the world of white blood cells in depth. Discover the characteristics, functions, and roles of different types of leukocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Learn about diapedesis, white blood cell counts, and the origin of blood cells.

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White Blood Cells: Analysis and Function in the Blood System

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  1. Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb w Hoehn Chapter 17 Blood Lecture 1 Part 2: White Blood Cells and Platelets

  2. White Blood Cells • leukocytes • protect against disease • interleukinsand colony-stimulating factors stimulate development in red bone marrow • granulocytes • neutrophils • eosinophils • basophils • agranulocytes • lymphocytes • monocytes ‘phils’ are filled with granules!

  3. Neutrophils • light blue granules in acid-base stain • lobed nucleus • other names • segs • polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs) • bands (young neutrophils) • first to arrive at infections • phagocytic • *55% - 65% of leukocytes (most numerous type of WBC) • elevated in bacterial infections Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

  4. Basophils Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 • deep blue granules from basic stain • release histamine andheparin in allergic reactions (similar to mast cells) • less than 1% of leukocytes

  5. Eosinophils Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 • deep red granules in acid stain • bilobed nucleus • participate in allergic reactions • defend against parasitic worm infestations • 1% - 3% of leukocytes • elevated in worm infestations and allergic reactions, collagen diseases, diseases of spleen

  6. Monocytes Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 • largest blood cell • agranulocyte • kidney-shaped or oval nuclei • leave bloodstream to become macrophages • 3% - 9% of leukocytes • elevated in typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis, viral infections, inflammation

  7. Lymphocytes • about the size of RBC • agranulocytic • large spherical nuclei • thin rims of cytoplasm • T cells • B cells • NK cells • important in immunity • 25% - 33% of leukocytes • produce antibodies (B) • decreased T Cells in AIDS Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

  8. Diapedesis • Diapedesis - leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls to enter tissue space outside the blood vessel Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

  9. White Blood Cell Counts • number of WBCs per mm3 of blood • 5,000 – 10,000 per mm3 (or μl) of blood • leukopenia(-penia = deficiency of cell number) • low WBC count • typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, AIDS • leukocytosis(-cytosis = increase in cell number) • high WBC count • acute infections, vigorous exercise, great loss of body fluids • differential WBC count • lists percentages of types of leukocytes • may change in particular diseases

  10. Origin of Blood Cells All formed elements of blood arise from a common hematopoietic pluripotent stem cell (a hemocytoblast) in the red bone marrow Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

  11. Blood Platelets • called thrombocytes when nucleated (in birds) • cell fragments of megakaryocytes • membrane bound • 150,000 – 500,000 per mm3 of blood (average ≈ 350,000 per µl) • help control blood loss from broken vessels

  12. Review To remember relative % of leukocytes from most to least numerous: “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

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