1 / 16

Africa

Africa. Geographic Regions. North Africa Along the coast Mild and rainy South Desert (Sahara). Sub-Saharan Africa (South of Sahara) Sahel = central plateau covered by savannas Rift Valley. Nubia & Kush. Chapter 4. Nubia 3000B.C. Located Upper Nile River (Sudan)

cody-daniels
Download Presentation

Africa

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Africa

  2. Geographic Regions North Africa • Along the coast • Mild and rainy • South • Desert (Sahara) Sub-Saharan Africa (South of Sahara) • Sahel = central plateau covered by savannas • Rift Valley

  3. Nubia & Kush Chapter 4

  4. Nubia 3000B.C. • Located Upper Nile River (Sudan) • First kingdom in Sub-Saharan Africa • Close ties w/ Egypt

  5. Kush 2000B.C. • Nubian Kingdom • Controlled Egypt but pushed out by Assyrians • Established new Kingdom at Meroe • Developed profitable iron trade • Weapons • tools

  6. Axum or Aksum • Located on the Red Sea, Ethiopian Highlands, & Nile Rivers • Trading power because of its location on the Red Sea • 330 AD Became Christian – remain Christian (Still are in Ethiopia) • 350AD conquered Kush • 600s AD lose control of trade to Muslims from Arabia

  7. West Africa Chapter 8

  8. Bantu (language group) Migration • People called the Nok lived in Niger and Benue River Valleys • Skilled farmers = population growth • Eventually not enough arable land • What does arable mean? • Farmable land • People moved in search of more land  migrate central, E, & S. Africa

  9. Religion and Oral Traditions • Kinship & clan was important • Matrilineal (mother) • Patrilineal (father) • Religion • One Supreme creator god (sky or heaven) • Nature spirits, Ancestor worship & Magic • Oral traditions • how knowledge, history, morals, and values were passed on.) • Use of songs, proverbs, fables

  10. Ghana 700-1076 AD • Ghana (means king) • Location: W Africa, Upper Niger River • Controlled trade trans-Saharan trade • salt (N) & gold (S) • Salt needed in South for food (preservation & flavor) • Islam introduced through trade • AD 1000 attacked by Almoravids – parts of kingdom began breaking away

  11. Mali 1235-1400AD • Location: West Africa, Atlantic Coast along Niger River • Restored trans-Saharan trade routes • protected them w/ a standing army • Capital Timbuktu -- Mansa Musa • Took a pilgrimage to Makkah • Returned w/ scholars, architects, and legal experts • built mosques in major cities • Built a university at Timbuktu, became a center of learning • Islamic government (many people were not)

  12. Songhai 1400s-1590 AD • Location: West Africa, along most of Niger River • Ruler: Askia Muhammad • Ruled at height AD 1493-1528 • Instituted Islamic Law • Divided land into 5 provinces @ with a governor, tax collector, court, & trade inspector • Timbuktu became a trade center (again) (Europe & Asia, gold, salt, slaves)

  13. East And Southern Africa Chapter 15

  14. East African Trading Centers •  By AD 1300 trading centers in East Africa were multicultural (Muslim, Persian, African, & Indian) • Controlled by Arab and Persian Merchants • Swahili – blending of Arabic and Bantu languages

  15. Southern Africa= Great Zimbabwe • AD 1000-1500 • Location: Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers & Indian Ocean • City of “Great Zimbabwe” as capital of prosperous empire • Architecture: huge oval enclosures w/ 30 foot walls, using no mortar • Built on trade between gold in the interior and the sea. • Decline b/c of civil war and European intrusion

  16. Summary • Axum • Location relative to the Ethiopian Highlands and the Nile River • Christian kingdom • Zimbabwe • Location relative to the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers and the Indian Ocean coast • City of “Great Zimbabwe” as capital of a prosperous empire • Swahili – blending of Arabic and Bantu languages • West African kingdoms • Location of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires relative to Niger River and the Sahara • Importance of gold and salt to trans-Saharan trade • City of Timbuktu as center of trade and learning • Roles of animism and Islam

More Related