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8.3.1  碱金属原子光谱双线结构

     (如 p、d、f 等)精细能级都是双层; 主线系、锐线系的精细光谱是双线结构. 8.3 碱金属原子光谱双线结构与   反常 Zeeman 效应. 8.3.1  碱金属原子光谱双线结构.  碱金属原子精细能级与精细光谱. Na 原子,主线系: np→3s, 锐线系: ns→3p。.  用自旋与轨道相互作用解释. 理论解释:. 原能级 E nl 分为二层:. 当 l=0 时,原能级不分裂。因为:.   双层的精细能级就引起主线系、锐线系光谱的双线结构。. 8.3.2  反常 Zeeman 效应.

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8.3.1  碱金属原子光谱双线结构

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  1.      (如p、d、f等)精细能级都是双层; 主线系、锐线系的精细光谱是双线结构. 8.3 碱金属原子光谱双线结构与   反常Zeeman效应 8.3.1 碱金属原子光谱双线结构 •  碱金属原子精细能级与精细光谱 Na原子,主线系:np→3s, 锐线系:ns→3p。

  2.  用自旋与轨道相互作用解释 理论解释:

  3. 原能级Enl分为二层: 当l=0时,原能级不分裂。因为:   双层的精细能级就引起主线系、锐线系光谱的双线结构。

  4. 8.3.2 反常Zeeman效应 • Zeeman效应:原子光谱在外磁场下引起分裂的现象。 正常Zeeman效应:原光谱一分为三的现象。 反常Zeeman效应:原光谱一分为多条的现象。 • 理论解释:在外磁场下原子能级会引起再分裂。 1)忽略自旋。

  5. 从En´l ´→Enl跃迁光谱频率为: (选择定则: Δl=±1,Δm=0, ±1) 谱线分裂一分为三,是正常塞曼效应。

  6. 2)考虑自旋轨道耦合。 gljs是朗德g因子。 波函数为:

  7. 从En´l ´ j´ →Enlj跃迁光谱频率为: 选择定则:Δl=±1,Δj=0, ±1.Δmj=0, ±1. 谱线分裂一分为多条,是反常塞曼效应。

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