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Delving into Cell Structure and Function

Explore the fascinating world of cell structure and function, including organelles and their roles in sustaining life processes. Learn about the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more. Discover the complexity of cells in both plants and animals.

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Delving into Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  3. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  4. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  5. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  6. Cell Parts Organelles – inside the cell

  7. 1. Nucleus • Controls cell processes – contains DNA 2. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Provides support and protection for the nucleus

  8. 3. Chromatin • In nucleus • Made of DNA + Protein which gives us chromosomes. • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics • (looks like cooked spaghetti) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  9. 4. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Produces ribosomes for the cell (pink center in the drawing) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  10. 5.Nuclear Pores • Holes which allow material to move into or out of the nucleus.

  11. 6.Cytoplasm • Fluid-like mixture • Supports the cell organelles.

  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum • 7.Smooth type (SER): lacks ribosomes. Contains enzymes to make lipids. • 8.Rough type (RER) (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface. Lipids and proteins are assembled for export from the cell. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  13. 9.Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell • VERY SMALL!! http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  14. 10.Mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell • Converts the energy in food to the energy that the cell can use (ATP). http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  15. 11.Golgi Bodies • Modify, sort and package protein. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  16. 12.Lysosome • Contain enzymes to break down proteins, fats, and carbs. • Garbage collector of the cell. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  17. 13. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  18. 14. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Converts sunlight into plant food. • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. 15.Centrioles • Aid in cell division –only 2 in cell • Only found in animal cells.

  20. Cytoskeleton • 16. Microtubules – maintain cell shape and help form the spindle in cell division. (hollow) • 17. Microfilaments – aid in movement and support. (solid)

  21. 18. Cell Wall • Provides support and protection for a plant cell. Found only in plants.

  22. 19. Cell membrane • Regulates what enters and leaves a cell • Provides protection and support for the cell

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