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Comprehensive Compiler Design Review: Architecture, Phases, and Mechanisms Examined

This review covers Compiler design aspects such as lexical analysis, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation. It also explores the front-end and back-end components, parsing tables, symbol tables, semantic actions, and mechanisms like attribute migration. The course delves into the roles and functioning of each phase, examining the optionality of certain phases.

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Comprehensive Compiler Design Review: Architecture, Phases, and Mechanisms Examined

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  1. Compiler design Review Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  2. Examination • Objective: to verify that the students grasp the theoretical aspects of compiler design, as taught in class. • Duration: 180 minutes. • Open-book examination: all course notes, any textbook, or paper documents allowed, no electronic device permitted. Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  3. Course review • Compiler architecture • Phases: • lexical analysis • syntactic analysis • semantic analysis • code optimization • code generation • Front-end, back-end • Mechanisms: • parsing tables • symbol table • semantic actions/semantic records • attribute migration • Functioning/role of each phase/component/mechanisms • Optionality of some phases Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  4. Course review • Lexical analysis • Roles • White space removal • Processing comments • Check and recover from lexical errors • Creation of a stream of tokens • Design • Translation of regular expressions into a DFA • Thompson construction • Rabin–Scott powerset construction • Implementation • Case statement or state transition table/algorithm • Notable examination questions • Generate a DFA from regular expressions • Generate a DFA from NDFA Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  5. Course review • Syntactic analysis • Roles • Analyze the program’s structure • Check and recover from syntax errors leading to useful and comprehensive compiler output • Design • Generative context-free grammars, generating a derivation proving the validity of the input program according to the grammar • First and follow sets • Grammar transformation (removal of left recursions, ambiguities) • All designs are based on a stack mechanism • Top-down: predictive parsing, recursive descent, table-driven (require removal of left recursions, ambiguities) • Bottom-up: SLR, CLR, LALR (item generation) • Error recovery using “synchronizing tokens” • Syntax-directed translation Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  6. Course review • Syntactic analysis (cont.) • Implementation • Recursive descent top-down: each production is implemented as a function matching terminals and calling other such functions to parse non-terminals according to other rules • Table-driven top-down: table is constructed using the first and follow sets, based on the notion of “generative grammar” • Bottom-up: SLR, CLR, LALR: creation of a DFA using items and first and follow sets, creation of the state transition table with “action” and “goto” parts, called a “shift/reduce” parser. • Notable examination questions • Given a grammar, generate a table for a table-driven top-down predictive parser • Given a grammar, write some functions for a recursive-descent predictive parser • Given a grammar, eliminate left recursions and ambiguities • Given a grammar, generate the sets of (CLR, SLR, LALR) items, then generate the corresponding state transition table and/or state transition diagram • Given a state transition table and a token stream, execute a parse trace for any of the above bottom-up parsing techniques Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  7. Course review • Semantic Analysis/translation • Roles • Verify the semantic validity of the program • Optionally, generate an intermediate representation • Translate the program into executable code • Design • Attribute migration • Symbol table • Syntax-directed translation • Intermediate representations (optional) • Optimization, high level and/or low level (optional) • Semantic actions • Semantic records Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

  8. Course review • Semantic Analysis/translation (cont.) • Implementation • Attribute migration: parameter passing or semantic stack • Symbol table: nested tables to manage scoping • Intermediate representation: trees, directed acyclic graphs, tree traversal/analysis algorithms for further processing • Intermediate code: postfix notation, three-address code, quadruples, pcode, byte code • Notable examination questions • Attribute migration tracing • Parse execution trace using a semantic stack Joey Paquet, 2000-2017

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