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REFERENCES -An introduction to psychology(sixth edition) By Benjamin.B.Lahe

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REFERENCES -An introduction to psychology(sixth edition) By Benjamin.B.Lahe

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  1. HUBERT KAIRUKI MEMORIAL UNVERSITYFACULTY OF MEDICNEDEPARTMENT OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE AND MEDICAL ETHICS.SUBJECT:BEHAVIORAL SCIENCETOPIC:SEX AND GENDER PRESENTERS:AMOS M.SHIMBA,BARAKA J.MASINSI,BENEDICT C. MATHEW,CHRIS S.LALIKA,CLEITON BUGUZI,EBENEZER G. MTUI,EDWIN ERASTO,ENECK N. KANJE,EPHRAIM B. NGOWI,ACHSAH MALOGO.

  2. CONTENTS:-INRODUCTION-OBJECTIVES-DEFINITIONS -MAIN PRESENTATION-SUMMARY--RECOMMENDATION-CONCLUSION-REFERENCES

  3. INTRODUCTION What are women like? What are men like? Based on what you have observed, what psychological characteristics do you think distinguish women from men? How about emotional and fearful-are those traits of women or men? Margaret Mead(great anthropologist) answered these questions about women and men-she said the answers depend on their culture.

  4. OBJECTIVES-To understand the terms gender AND SEX-To look at the psychological aspect of being a male or female-To look at the development of the identity and behaviors associated with gender

  5. DEFINITION OF TERMS SEX-Is the state of being male or female.GENDER-Is the psychological experience of one`s sex.GENDER IDENTITY-Is the subjective experience of being male or female.GENDER ROLE-Refers to all of the behaviors that communicate to others the degree to which we are masculine or feminine.SEXUAL ORIENTATION-Is the tendency to prefer romantic and sexual partners of the same or different sex.

  6. MAIN PRESENTATIONGENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION We begin our discussion of gender and sex with a detailed look at the psychological aspect of being a male or female. We look at the development of the identity and behaviors associated with gender. Also we will look the related topic of sexual orientation and look at similarities and difference between women and men.

  7. GENDER IDENTITY AND GENDER ROLES Gender identity develops early in infancy. Immediately after the infant is born is identified as either male or female based on his or her genitals. The parents selects a name appropriate to the baby`s gender. Gender roles are the behaviors and characteristics that a culture expects of males and females based on their biological sex. Members of a culture classify behaviors as to whether they are appropriate and expected of males and females. Examples feminine behaviors are expected of females and masculine are expected of males

  8. GENDER SIMILARITIES AND GENDER DIFFERENCES Psychological differences between women and men, women tend to score higher than men on test of language, spelling, reading comprehension and associative memory while men tend to score higher on mathematics ability, science ability, mechanical reasoning, electronics and automobile. Women are more likely than men to smile, understand the emotions of others, be anxious and be depressed while men are likely than women to interrupt others in mixed sex conversation, commit

  9. THEORIES OF GENDER IDENTITY-PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY Sigmund Freud suggested that young children usually take on the manners and ways of their parents of same sex in the process called identification. Freud assumed that all children wish to win the approval of both parents and avoid rejection.-SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Albert Bandura suggested that children learn behaviors appropriate to their gender through observation of adults and older siblings and through reinforcement and punishment of gender behaviors. According to this theory, children initially imitate the behaviors of both men and women, but parents and other members of their social world reward them for acting like a boy or girl and do not reward them for acting as the other sex does

  10. SEXUAL ORIENTATION Close your eyes and imagine the perfect partner for you for a romantic and sexual relationship. The gender of the person that you imagine reveals a great deal about your sexual orientation. Persons who sexually attracted to members of the other sex are termed heterosexual. In contrast, persons who are attracted to members of the same sex have a homosexual orientation. Most homosexual men use term gay, while most homosexual women prefer the term lesbian. Other people are attracted to varying extents to both members of their same sex and members of other sex. When this is the case, the sexual orientation is termed bisexuality.

  11. SEXUAL MOTIVATION Human beings have a sexual motive, much as we have motives for hunger or thirst. Without a sexual motive, humans and other animals that depend on sexual reproduction would soon be extinct. Sexual motivation is a primary motive that is essential to the survival of the species.

  12. ATYPICAL AND ABNORMAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Human beings differ widely in their preferences and practices that sometimes results into unusual or atypical sexual behaviors as followsTransvestism and TranssexualismTransvestism refers to the practice of dressing in the clothes of the other sex. Transvestites often state that they cross-dress because it is sexually stimulating, but many transvestites say they cross-dress to free themselves from confining sexual stereotypes.

  13. Transsexualism refers to a condition in which the individual feels trapped in a body of the wrong sex. Transsexuals may occasionally or permanently dress in clothes of the other anatomical sex, but this cross-sex dressing has nothing to do with sexual arousal. These individual merely feel that they are dressing the clothes of their true sex.

  14. FETISHISMRefers to the fact that some individuals are primarily or exclusively aroused by specific physical objects or types of material (such as leather or lace) .In some cases, the fetish is only an exaggeration of normal interests in specific body parts.SEXUAL SADISM AND MASOCHISMSexual sadism is the practice of receiving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain on others. Sexual masochism is the condition in which receiving pain is sexually exciting. Sometimes verbal abuse or degradation is substituted for physical pain.

  15. VOYEURISM AND EXHIBITIONVoyeurism is the practice of obtaining sexual pleasure by watching others undressing or engaging in sexual activities. Voyeurism find it interesting when the person they are watching is unaware and there is an element of danger in involved. Exhibition obtain sexual pleasure from exposing their genitals to others.

  16. FORCED SEXUAL BEHAVIOURSome sexual behavior are abnormal because they involve actual, threatened or implied force to a victim. Like, RAPE in which an individual forces another person to engage in a sexual act. SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN in which children are frequently assaulted and exploited. When a family member is involved in child abuse is termed incest. When is force or threat of force is termed as child rape. When there is no clear threat of force is termed as child molestation.

  17. SEXUAL HARASSMENTUnwanted sexual advances, like requests for favors, unwanted touching of the legs, breasts, or buttocks, sexual suggestive comments and any other form of coercive sexual behavior.

  18. SUMMARYThe study of gender and sex is detailed to look at the psychological aspects of being a male or female, theories of gender identity and the development of behaviors associated with gender and sex.

  19. RECOMMENDATION This topic is recommended to all physician and members of the society in order to have an awareness to the behaviors associated with gender and sex.

  20. CONCLUSION The study of sex AND Gender enables people to understand the similarities and differences of different types of gender and behaviors that each gender show and their resulting abnormalities.

  21. REFERENCES -An introduction to psychology(sixth edition) By Benjamin.B.Lahe

  22. THANKYOU

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