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Bilateral flows of remittances

Bilateral flows of remittances. Agenda Item 2.3. Fabiana Cerasa OECD Statistics Directorate. International Technical Meeting on Measuring Remittances, June 11-12, 2009, World Bank. Introduction.

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Bilateral flows of remittances

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  1. Bilateral flows of remittances Agenda Item 2.3 Fabiana Cerasa OECD Statistics Directorate International Technical Meeting on Measuring Remittances, June 11-12, 2009, World Bank

  2. Introduction • Update of the OECD paper “Working abroad – the benefits flowing from nationals working in other economies” (OECD 2003) by Anne Harrison, et al • Data presented for reference year 2000 have been updated to 2005 • The present work is divided in two parts: • Migration: a bilateral migration matrix is estimated starting from the matrix presented in the World Bank report South-South, Migration and Remittances • Remittances: the bilateral migration matrix is used to obtain a global picture of the size of remittances flowing from one country to another

  3. Migration • Starting point: the World Bank bilateral migration matrix www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances • Some transformations to improve the quality of data and to follow the original paper • Removal of refugees (UN) and of migrants who acquired citizenships (OECD database 2007) • Allocation of migrants living in middle/high income countries, whose countries of origin are totally unknown (Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalization and Poverty-University of Sussex-2000)

  4. Migration

  5. Remittances • Source of data: • IMF Balance of Payments Yearbook (2005) • Additional sources for no declaring countries World Bank Migration and Remittances Factbook World Bank South-South Migration and Remittances OECD Statistics on International Trade National sources • Remittances=Workers’ Remitt + Compensation of Employees • We end up with a total amount of Remittances: • Credit: $ 234.1 bn • Debit: $ 187.1 bn

  6. Remittances • The Bilateral Remittances Matrix is built multiplying the remittance per capita sent from the destination country by the number of migrants living there grouped by country of origin • The final matrix shows remittances flowing between 60 countries and 18 regions • Assumptions of the model: • Each migrant is supposed to send a fixed amount of money home, regardless of the country of origin • Only migrants send money to another country • The country receiving the money sent is always and exclusively the country of birth

  7. Key findings Migration

  8. Key findingsRemittances’ flows

  9. Conclusions • With exceptions, contrast between the OECD and ROW • OECD: source of remittances • ROW: destination of remittances • Confirming the results of the previous work: • OECD are not the main destination for migrants coming from ROW • Migrants remain mainly in the continent in which they were born • Migrants from OECD countries command higher wages and remit more per head than migrants from ROW countries • In line with conclusions for 2000 • The quality of the data limits the validity of these conclusions

  10. Remittances questionnaire (1)

  11. Remittances questionnaire (2) • This questionnaire has been sent to: Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, USA and Hong Kong. • Japan, Turkey, USA replied providing bilateral data • Switzerland and HK provided only data with partner WRD • One of the most striking result comes from US data, and confirms expectations:

  12. Thank you! Fabiana.CERASA@oecd.org

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