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The polis

The polis. What word root do you see in “polis”?. From Kings to Nobles to Tyrants. Noble families took power from kings (______) in the Dark ages…City states replaced kingdoms… How did the age of Iron help ordinary people? How did tyrants rise to power?

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The polis

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  1. The polis • What word root do you see in “polis”?

  2. From Kings to Nobles to Tyrants • Noble families took power from kings (______) in the Dark ages…City states replaced kingdoms… • How did the age of Iron help ordinary people? • How did tyrants rise to power? • How was the time of tyrants different from that of the nobles?

  3. With whom would you rather have lived… the Spartans or the Athenians?

  4. Contrast: Spartan Society • Location • Expansion or Colonies • Response to threat of revolt • Government/Citizenship • Lifestyle • Education

  5. Lycurgas What did he do? • Who were the helots?

  6. Lifestyle… • Childhood • Agoge – 7-20 • A year of self survival in wild at age 12 • 13-20 officer training • Army life - 21-60 • Spartiate – those who graduated agoge • Not all Spartans are Spartiates • Marriage and family • Property

  7. 2 kings (hereditary) Gerusia - 28 men over age of 60 Assembly of Citizens Supports decisions of Gerusia and kings Elects Gerusia aand Ephors Ephors – 5 Elected each year On trial each year Manage army Oversee decisions of Gerusia May veto decisions Spartan Government Social Classes Homoioi – 10,000 - citizens Perioikoi – 50,000 – middle class Helots – 100,000 – slave class (not bought and sold)

  8. Athenians • Location • Response to threat of revolt • Government/Citizenship • Lifestyle • Education • Colonies/Expansion

  9. Perino del Vaga, c. 1541 Solon Giving Laws to the Athenians Poet, philosopher, Statesman What reforms did he implement? 1. 2. 3. 4.

  10. Solon’s Reforms • Canceling debts • Farming reformed – more grapes and olives • Every father teaches his son a trade • Every male attends assembly • Any citizen can bring charges against any other

  11. Cleisthenes Reforms (570-502? BC) • 1. • 2.

  12. Cleisthenes Reforms (570-502? BC) • Council of 500 formed • Chosen by lot • Athens divided into 10 districts, 50 reps each • Assembly’s power grew • These reforms facilitated the coming of the Golden Age of Athens • C’s belief in common man and democracy was despised by fellow aristocrats

  13. Council of 500 – chosen by lot Prepares business for Assembly Jury of 6000 –chosen by lot Hear cases and judge Assembly – all male citizens 10 Generals Elected each year Navy, Army Control colonies Athenian Government SocialClasses Citizens – 40,000 males 120,000 women and children Metics – resident aliens Slaves – 90,000

  14. Athenian lifestyle

  15. With whom would you rather have lived… the Spartans or the Athenians?

  16. Two Persian Invasions • Herodotus… • 1st Who invaded? Name of king? What happened? • The Battle of Marathon 490BC

  17. 490-480 BCE Threat Lingers • Themistocles • Trireme • Xerxes • Oracle at Delphi • Pithea

  18. 2nd Invasion: What happened this time?What’s significant about the following battles? 480BCE • Battle of Thermopylae • Reading from last night • Battle of Salamis * • Battle of Plataea

  19. What significance does the victory in the 2nd Invasion have for Athens? “The Big Olive” • Delian League • Trade • Drama • Sculpture • Poetry • Philosophy • Architecture • Science

  20. The Age of Pericles • Pericles led Athens for 32 years • (461-429 B.C.) • He had 3 Goals • Strengthen Democracy • Became paid, so even poor could participate • Build a Commercial Empire • Used funding from Delian League to make Navy strongest • Treasury on Delos • Glorify Athens • Spent D.L. $ for architecture, (ex. The Parthenon) • He succeeded in all three!

  21. The Acropolis as a whole – a fortified agora on a hilltop

  22. The Propylaea, dramatic entrance to the Acropolis in Athens Order Balance Proportion

  23. Classical Art Order Balance Proportion • 7 heads tall • Perfect • Natural, but not realistic • Serene: No emotion on face

  24. Basis of Greek Architecture The Temple

  25. TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE

  26. Architecture • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian

  27. A closer look at the parts of a temple… • Cornice • Pediment • Frieze • Architrave • Capital • Column • Shaft • Base

  28. The NY Stock Exchange

  29. QUINCY MARKET in Boston…uses the agora style

  30. Drama – A Greek Invention • pay tribute to the Gods • Competition – the Olive Wreath • Aeschylus versus Sophocles • Tragedy • a hero’s strength was cause for their downfall • Comedy • made fun of current issues • Dealt with current issues • Educational

  31. The Theater at Epidaurus perfect acoustics

  32. Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) • Peloponnesian League versus Delian League • Sparta defeated Athens after a 27 yr. war • 2 key events: • Plague hits Athens behind its Long Walls • Athenian raid on Syracuse a disaster • Athens polis and spirit were severely diminished • The war spurs questioning attitude about government, morality and life….

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