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Islamic Art

Islamic Art. Keywords. Crusades : cruzadas, campañas militares para recuperar tierra santa. Hegira (622), Muhammad escaped from Meca to Medina, it marks the beginning of the muslim calendar. Quran , the sacred book of Islam.

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Islamic Art

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  1. Islamic Art

  2. Keywords • Crusades: cruzadas, campañas militares para recuperar tierra santa. • Hegira (622), Muhammad escapedfrom Meca to Medina, itmarksthebeginning of themuslim calendar. • Quran, thesacredbook of Islam. • Five pilar of Islam: faith, prayer, pilgrimage, fasting and charity. • Barrelvault: bóveda de cañón, en la techumbre traslación longitudinal de un arco de medio punto. • Dome: cúpula, bóveda de media esfera para cubrir el edificio. • Round arches: arcos de medio punto, fundamental en Románico. • Horseshoearches: arcos de herradura. • Lobedarch: arco polilobulado. • Thickwalls: muros anchos sin vanos, función de soporte. • Flat wooden roofs: artesonado, techos de madera con motivos geométricos o vegetales. • Stained glass: vidrios coloreados, decoración islámica. • Reliefs: relieves, escultura adosada al muro. • Arabesque, floral motifs: decoración con diseño vegetal. • Capitals: capiteles, parte superior de la columna. • Inscriptions: decoración epigráfica. • Works with ivory: trabajos en marfil.

  3. Historicalcontext • Islam isone of thethreegreatmonotheisticreligions. Itbegan in the 7th centuryontheArabianPeninsula. • Muhammad began to preach Islam when he was 40 in the holy city of Mecca, he believed there was only one God (Allah). The merchants (polytheistic tribes) in Mecca did not accept Muhammad’s teachings, so in 622 he escaped to Medina. This event is known as Hegira and marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. • Thefivepilars of Islam described in theQuran: faith, prayer, pilgrimage, fasting and charity.

  4. At the time of Muhammad´sdeath (632) Islam had spread throughoutthewest of theArabianPeninsula. • Islam speadthemostduringtheUmayyadCaliphate (661-750), from Persia totheIberianPeninsula. • Manygroupswereconvertedto Islam and arabicwasthemainlanguage of theempire. Christians and Jewswereallowedtopractisetheirreligionsbecausetheyweremonotheistic. Womenhad tu submittotheauthority of theirfathers and latertheirhusbands.

  5. Islamic art • Islamic art isveryeasytorecognisebyeveryonebecauseitsowncharaceristics. • Key characteristics: • Poor buildingmaterials (brick, plaster, wood). • Columns, pilar and arches (rounded, lobed, horseshoe). • Buildingscoveredby domes and flat woodenroofs. • Decorationwithplaster, ceramics and paint (geometricpatterns, floral motifs and inscriptions). • Waterused as decoration. • Alsoworkswithceramics, glass, ivory, leather, bronze and wood.

  6. From Indonesia to the United Kingdom, the mosque in its many forms is the quintessential Islamic building. The mosque, masjid in Arabic, is the Muslim gathering place for prayer. Though most of the five daily prayers prescribed in Islam can take place anywhere, all men are required to gather together at the mosque for the Friday prayer.The architecture of a mosque is shaped most strongly by the regional traditions of the time and place where it was built. As a result, style, layout, and decoration can vary greatly. Nevertheless, because of the common function of the mosque as a place of congregational prayer, certain architectural features appear in mosques all over the world.

  7. Common types of mosque architecture The Hypostyle mosque. Interior of the Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain, 8th-10th centuries The centrally-planned mosque. Hagia Sophia, Istambul View of three (of four) Iwans, Great Mosque of Isfahan, Iran, 11th - 17th

  8. The Great Mosque of Cordoba (784-1236)

  9. The Alhambra Palace, 1238

  10. The Temple Mount (The Mount of the Rock) is the third holiest site for Muslims behind Mecca and Medina. In Muslim tradition, this is where the Prophet Mohammed made his “Night Journey” to the throne of God. In the seventh century (Umayyad Caliphate), when the Muslims conquered Jerusalem, they built the Dome of the Rock, the gold-topped Islamic shrine seen in many iconic photographs of the Old City, as well as the Al-Aqsa Mosque.

  11. Mosque of Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn, huge and majestic red brick building complex built in 876. It was built on the site of present-day Cairo and includes a mosque surrounded by three outer ziyādahs, or courtyards. Much of the decoration and design recalls the Abbāsid architecture of Iraq. The crenellated outside walls have merlons that are shaped and perforated in a decorative pattern. The courtyards are lined with arcades of broad arches and heavy pillars. In the mosque and the courtyard the arches are decorated with elaborate designs in carved stucco. The roofed oratory of the mosque is divided by pillars into five long aisles or naves originally ornamented with panels of carved wood.

  12. Made by Francisco Javier AbadesAnsián History teacher at Castilla y León (Spain)Feel free to use, study or share this presentation

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