Wisconsin Local Health Departments

1. Wisconsin Local Health Departments An Overview of Wisconsin Local Health Departments

2. Adams Juneau Columbia Sauk Dodge Rich- land Crawford Dane Iowa Grant Rock Green Lafayette Wisconsin Local Health Departments 92 Local Health Departments Douglas Bayfield 71 County Iron Wash- burn Ashland Vilas Burnett Burnett Florence Sawyer Price Oneida 21 City or Village Forest Marinette Polk Barron Rusk Langlade Lincoln Taylor St. Croix Meno- minee Chippewa Dunn Oconto Clark Marathon Pierce Shawno Eau Claire Door Pepin Portage Waupaca Kewaee Outa- gamie Brown Buffalo Wood Tremp- ealeau Jackson Waushara Winne- bago Calu- met Mani- towoc Adams Monroe La Crosse Gr. Lake Marq- uette Juneau Fond du Lac Sheboygan Vernon Columbia Sauk Dodge Rich- land Wash- ington Oe Crawford Waukesha Dane Iowa Mil Jefferson Grant Racine Rock Green Walworth Lafayette Kenosha

3. 4,630 590,870 Wisconsin Local Health Departments Population Range 2008 – pop WI = 5,617,744

4. $94,121 $24,679,918 Wisconsin Local Health Departments Operating Budgets 2007 – WI - LHD Survey

6. Wisconsin Local Health Departments Health Costs in Wisconsin • TOTAL (2007 Lewin group report) $42.3 Billion • PUBLIC HEALTH (2007 - LHD Survey)$150.1 Million • Local Health Departments Account for Only0.4% • of Wisconsin’s Health Costs

7. Wisconsin Local Health Departments Prevention • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

8. Wisconsin Local Health Departments Primary prevention Includes actions to protect against disease and disability, such as: - getting immunizations - ensuring the supply of safe drinking water In addition, Primary Prevention can include general action to promote healthsuch as: - Health promotion - Healthy lifestyle - Good nutrition and hygiene - adequate exercise and rest

9. Wisconsin Local Health Departments The goal of secondary prevention is to identify and detect disease in its earliest stages. Examples are: - Colorectal screening - Mammograms Another goal of secondary prevention is to prevent the spread of communicable diseases (illnesses that can be transmitted from one person to another).

10. Wisconsin Local Health Departments Tertiary preventionprograms aim to: • Improve the quality of life for people with various diseases by limiting complications and disabilities • Reducing the severity and progression of disease, and providing rehabilitation • Tertiary prevention involves actual treatment for the disease and is conducted primarily by health care practitioners, rather than public health agencies.

11. Wisconsin Local Health Departments Population Health Population-based public health services – Interventions aimed at disease prevention and health promotion that affect an entire population and extend beyond medical treatment by targeting underlying risk, such as tobacco, drug, and alcohol use; diet and sedentary lifestyles; and environmental factors.

12. For Every Dollar Invested in: • Water Fluoridationsaves as much as $80 in treatment cost for dental caries for one child. (CDC, An Ounce of Prevention, 1999) • Influenza Vaccinationsaves $30 to $60 in hospitalization costs for an older adult (CDC) • Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccinationsaves $16.34 in direct medical costs (CDC) • Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (DPT) vaccinationsaves $6.21 in direct medical costs (CDC) • Family Planning Servicessaves $4.40 in public funds for averting medical, welfare and nutritional costs. (Healthy Minnesotans 2004)

13. For Every Dollar Invested in: • Chickenpox Vaccinationsaves up to $5.40 in parent productivity losses and medical costs (CDC) • WIC services for pregnant women saves $1.92 - $4.21 in Medical Assistant funds for a mother and her newborn. (Nat’l Ass. Of WIC Directors) • Tobacco preventionsaves $3.00 in direct health care costs. (ANSR Action Alert 2003)

14. Voluntary Accreditation of Local and State Health Departments The goal of the national public health accreditation program is to improve and protect the health of the publicby advancing the quality and performance of all health departments in the country – state, local, territorial and tribal.   Accreditation means demonstrated accountability and improved quality. Nationally, public health accreditation means that people across the country can expect the same quality of public health programs and services no matter where they live. 

15. Healthiest WI 2020 • Healthiest Wisconsin 2020:  Everyone Living Better, Longer represents the third decade of statewide community health improvement planning designed to benefit the health of everyone in Wisconsin and the communities in which we live, play, work and learn.

16. Healthiest WI 2020 Healthiest Wisconsin 2020:  Everyone Living Better, Longer represents the third decade of statewide community health improvement planning designed to benefit the health of everyone in Wisconsin and the communities in which we live, play, work and learn.

17. Healthiest WI 2020 Vision GOALS: 1. Improve health across the life span. 2. Eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity Overarching Focus Areas: • Health disparities • Social, economic, and educational factors that influence health Focus Areas Alcohol and Drug Chronic Disease Communicable Disease Environmental and Occupational Growth and Development Injury and Violence Mental Health Nutrition Oral Health Physical Activity Reproductive and Sexual Tobacco

18. Healthiest WI 2020 – Infrastructure Focus Areas • Access to high quality health service • Public Health capacity and quality • Emergency preparedness, response and recovery • Equitable, adequate, stable public health funding • Systems to manage and share health information and knowledge • Health literacy • Collaborative partnerships for community health improvement • Public health research and evaluation • Diverse, sufficient and competent workforce that promotes and protects health

19. Prevents epidemics and the spread of disease Protects against environmental hazards Promotes healthy behaviors Prevents injuries Responds to disasters Mobilizes communities for action Develops policies to promote health Monitors the health conditions of the population What Does Public Health Do?

20. Communicable Disease Control • Immunizations • Investigation of Disease • Education Health Focus Area – Communicable disease prevention and control

21. Measles and Mumps

22. Tuberculin Skin Testing

23. Early 1900’s--Board of Health Sign

24. Chronic Disease Prevention and Control • Cancer Control Programs • Cardiovascular Disease • Tobacco Prevention • Nutrition and Alcohol • Diabetes Control • Health Focus Area • - Tobacco use and exposure • Physical activity • Chronic disease prevention and management • Alcohol and other drug use • Adequate, appropriate , and safe food and nutrition

25. Wellness Programs and Health Education Health Focus Area – Physical Activity

26. Injury Prevention - Childhood Injury Prevention Programs - Intentional Injuries and Violence - Gun Control Programs - Fall Prevention - Burns and Fire-related injury prevention - Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Health Focus Area -Injuries and violence

27. Sharps Collection Program Health Focus Area - Injuries and violence - Communicable disease Prevention and Control

28. Environmental Health • Human Health Hazard Investigation • Radon Testing and Education • Emergency Response • Water Testing • Restaurant and Lodging Inspections • Animal Bite Investigations Health Focus Area - Environmental and occupational health - Communicable Disease Prevention and Control

29. Swimming Pool and Beach Inspections Health Focus Area: - Communicable Disease Prevention, - Environmental and Occupational Health

30. Reproductive/Perinatal Health • Health Focus Area - Reproductive and sexual health • - Adequate, appropriate, and safe food nutrition • - Alcohol and other drug use • Mental health • - Tobacco use and exposure • - Health growth and development • Prenatal Care Coordination • WIC • Family Planning • Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics and Investigation of Cases

31. Infant and Child Health • 72,002 births in WI (2008 birth data) • WIC • Immunizations • Health Check • Visits to new moms • Day Care Issues • Child Abuse and Neglect • Health Focus Area • - Oral health • - Injury and violence • Tobacco use and exposure - Adequate, appropriate, and safe food nutrition

32. Adolescent Health • Health Focus Area • - Tobacco use and exposure • Alcohol and drug use • Reproductive and sexual health • - Physical Activity • - Nutrition and Healthy Growth and development

33. Public Health Preparedness • Health Focus Area • Communicable disease prevention and management • Environmental and occupational health • Mental health

34. Oral Health Programs • Health Focus Area • Oral Health • Tobacco use and Exposure • Healthy growth and development

35. Ten Leading Causes of Death in the United States CDC Data

36. Another way to think about how we make ourselves sick is bylooking at this chart of lifestyle-related causes of death Table 2

38. Public Health Departments Improve the Health of the Public

39. Wisconsin Local Health Departments “Public health departments are like the police and fire departments. They teach and practice prevention, but they are prepared to act in emergencies. While the public appreciates them most in emergencies, they are truly successful --and least noticed--when their prevention efforts work.” Larry Gilbertson