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Languages on the Semantic Web

This document explores various languages used in the Semantic Web, starting from XML and progressing through RDF, RDF Schema, and DAML+OIL—highlighting their semantics, inference capabilities, and expressiveness. It discusses extensions such as query and rule languages, emphasizing modularity and human-readable syntax. The paper addresses concerns about the existing division between XML and RDF, presenting a clear roadmap for future developments. Emphasizing the importance of trust and the need for cohesive language frameworks, it outlines both the current landscape and future directions.

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Languages on the Semantic Web

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  1. Languages on the Semantic Web Frank van Harmelen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Ian Horrocks University of Manchester

  2. Currently in place: • XML: • interchange syntax, no semantics • RDF: • datamodel, some semantics & inference (recent!) • RDF Schema: • concept modelling, more semantics & inference • DAML+OIL: • more expressive ontology language; • quite expressive; expensive inference

  3. Stack of languages:

  4. Extensions (by popular request) • Query language • (RQL, DQL, RDQL, XQL) • Rule language • (RuleML initiative, DAML+OIL) • Modularity concept • (more than namespaces) • Human readable syntax • (RDF) • Non-logical structure • ( logical equivalence)

  5. Higher levels in the stack • Language for writing down proofs • Notions of trust Current danger • split between XML & RDF Conclusion • Roadmap clear • danger of split

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