11.3 Review The Emancipation Proclamation

1. 11.3 ReviewThe Emancipation Proclamation • The Proclamation did what? • Freed slaves in areas that were fighting against the Union • What was it’s main purpose? • To hurt the Southern war effort • How did it hurt the South? • Confiscated their property (slaves) • Prevented a Confederate alliance with England & France • Led to 215,000 extra Union soldiers (Turned war into fight for freedom)

2. Chapter 11, Section 4 The Civil War & American Lifep. 402-406 The war causes divisions in both North & South while changing the lives of civilians & soldiers alike.

3. Divisions Over the War Main Idea: On both sides, pursuit of the war is hampered by disagreements among the people. Copperheads: Northern Democrats opposed to the war (p. 403) • Southern Division: some southern states object to the Confederate draft of their men • Some states (S.C.) don’t want officers from other states commanding their soldiers • Northern Division: Democrats blame Lincoln for the war. • Demand a negotiated peace with the Confederacy • Both Abraham Lincoln & Jefferson Davis suspend the writ of habeas corpus • Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment

4. The Draft Laws Main Idea: Both sides find it necessary to draft men into military service. Rioters protesting “poor man’s fight” clash with Federal troops in New York High causality rates & desertion force both sides to issue draft a system of required military service. South draft men aged 18-35 Later, age extended to 17-50 North draft men ages 20-45 Wealthy families can pay $300 to avoid draft. Southerners who own 20 or more slaves don’t have to serve. Draft causes riots in New York, -July, 1863 Riot lasts several days: destroy property of the wealthy & attack African Americans (see page 404)

5. The War and Economic Strain Main Idea: The war strains the finances of governments and individuals. Food Riots in Richmond, VA Industry booms in North Causes labor shortage To pay for the war, Congress levies the first income tax to impose by law tax based on the amount of money earned North uses paper money to finance the war This creates inflation in North general rise in prices Inflation far worse in South South suffers food shortages 1,000 women riot in Richmond, looting stores for clothing, shoes, & food in 1863

6. Women in the Civil War Main Idea: The war opens many new opportunities for women, who contribute greatly to the war effort. Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross • Home Front: North & South • Run farms & plantations • Work factory jobs • Work government jobs • War Front: North & South • Spies • Scouts • At least 400 women pose as men to join the army. • Before the Civil War, men were the nurses • Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell: 1st Female doctor in America • Stress cleanliness in medicine & military camps

7. Mary Boykin Chesnut • Wife of U.S. Senator, James Chesnut, Jr. (South Carolina) • He served as brigadier general in Confederate Army • She kept a personal diary throughout the war (Feb. 1861-Jun. 1865) • Witnessed bombardment of Ft. Sumter • Diary is primary source with a Southern point-of-view • Awarded Pulitzer prize for history

8. Spy vs. Spy Elizabeth Van Lew Rose O’Neal Greenhow • Union Spy in Richmond • Called “Crazy Bet” acted crazy around Confederates • Spied on Jefferson Davis at the Confederate White House • Gen. Grant, "You have sent me the most valuable information received from Richmond during the war." • Liked to throw parties for Union Officers • passed information to Confederacy • Deported to England-drowned in a ship wreck

9. Is it Mr. or Mrs.? Frances Clalin Clayton Jack Williams Frances Clayton fought beside her husband during the Civil War as Jack Williams in a Missouri artillery unit and later in the cavalry

10. Jenny Hodgers/Albert D. Cashier • Enlisted in Illinois 95th Infantry Regiment as Albert D. Cashier • Served until the war was over • Continued posing as Albert D. Cashier until shortly before her death • Received a veteran’s pension for her service