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Unveiling the Universe: The CERN Journey in Nuclear Research

Established in 1954, CERN unites scientists across Europe in the quest for understanding the universe. Based in Geneva, this prestigious organization boasts 12 founding member states and numerous participants, including thousands of scientists and researchers. With cutting-edge accelerators like the LHC, SPS, and PS, CERN conducts groundbreaking experiments to explore fundamental questions about the cosmos, including the nature of dark matter and the existence of the Higgs boson. Beyond research, CERN is committed to advancing technology and fostering international collaboration in science and education.

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Unveiling the Universe: The CERN Journey in Nuclear Research

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  1. CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research

  2. Topics • Founding • Organization • The accelerator • Experiments • Practical applications • Video?

  3. History – How did it all start? • Founded in 1954 • Unites scientists from all across Europe • Also for sharing costs • No military function • Location: Geneva • 12 founding members: Belgium, Denmark, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia

  4. Goals • Research: Seeking and finding answers to questions about the Universe • Technology: Advancing the frontiers of technology • Collaborating: Bringing nations together through science • Education: Training the scientists of tomorrow

  5. Organization – truly international Members Finances • 12 member states • 8 observer states • but many more participants… • 2600 full time employees • 8000 scientist and engineers • 580 universities • 85 nationalities • 100 languages • Member fees paid by member states • Contributions proportional to the GDP • Most significant: Germany, France, UK • 2011 total budget:1075.6 million CHF 250 billion HUF

  6. The accelerator

  7. Geneva

  8. LHC 2007 (27 km) SPS 1976 (7 km) PS 1959 (628 m)

  9. Experiments

  10. Detectors ATLAS CMS • A Toroidal LHC Apparatus • General purpose detector • Looking for signs of new physics • Origins of mass and extra dimension • Compact MuonSolenoi • General purpose detector • Looks for the Higgs boson • Nature of dark matter

  11. Detectors ALICE LHCb • A Large Ion Collider Experiment • Quark-gluon plasma • A fluid form of matter • Existed shortly after the Big Bang • Heavy ion collisions • Large Hadron Collider beauty • What happened to the missing antimatter?

  12. Some questions • Does the Higgs boson exist? – Is the Standard Model correct or are the Higgsless alternatives right? • Supersymmetry: do all particles have supersymmetric partners? • String theory: are there extra dimensions? • What is the nature of the dark matter? • What is the nature and what are the properties of the quark-gluon plasma?

  13. Why do we need it? –Practical applications • Goal: understand the world • Long-term investment • Without fundamental research there is no innovation • WEB • GRID • PET: positron-emission tomography • Cancer treatments

  14. Questions? Thank you for your attention!

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