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Question of the Day

Question of the Day.

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Question of the Day

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  1. Question of the Day • Which of the following statements about the 1936 Summer Olympics is not accurate?    (A)  they were held in Berlin, Germany    (B)  German Jews were not allowed to compete    (C)   some Americans suggested the U.S. should boycott the Games as Adolf Hitler would use them to promote his goals and vision    (D)  American Jesse Owens won four gold medals    (E)   German authorities refused to remove "Jews not wanted" and other anti-Semitic signs from public places

  2. World War II Chapter 35 “FDR and World War II”

  3. Trying to keep the Peace • Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations • Washington Disarmament Conference • Five Power Treaty • Kellogg-Briand Pact • War Debts & Reparations • US Europe’s largest creditor • Allies couldn’t pay back the US • Dawes Plan • Hoover declared debt moratorium • Great Depression

  4. Like a Good Neighbor…the US is there! • Good Neighbor Policy: • Improve relations in Latin America • FDR: “the good neighbor respects himself & the rights of others” • Policy of non-intervention & cooperation

  5. The rise of the “bad boys” • Rise of totalitarian regimes • Fascism • Italy: Mussolini • Japanese military dictatorship • German: Hitler • Communism • USSR: Stalin • Japan invades Manchuria • Need for resources & land • New foreign markets • Leaves the League of Nations • Bad Boys Unite: • Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

  6. American Isolationism • Americans concerns with GD at home • Sought to avoid involvement in Europe

  7. Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937 • If faced with war: • Prohibit the sale of arms, loans & credits • Forbade Americans to travel on vessels @ war • Non-military good must be purchased on cash & carry basis • Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War • Limited options of President in a crisis • America declined to build up its armed forces to deter aggressors

  8. FDR’s Quarantine Speech • Condemned Japan and Italy for their aggressive actions • Urged democracies to “quarantine” the aggressors by economic embargoes • Criticized by isolationists fearing FDR might lead US into war • FDR retreated and sought less direct means to address totalitarianism

  9. Here we go again… • Germany leaves League of Nations & Treaty of Versailles • Germany absorbs Austria • APPEASEMENT • PACIFISM • Germany takes Czechoslovakia for the Sudetenland region • Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • Invasion of Poland starts WWII (9-1-1939)

  10. Wonder how long the honeymoon will last?

  11. A World Divided…

  12. Axis Powers full throttle… • Germany use of “blitzkrieg” • USSR expanded in the East • Neutrality of 1939—US aided European democracies in limited fashion “cash & carry”; improved the US economy

  13. Meanwhile in Europe… • German expansion • Fall of France • Battle of Britain • Axis Powers official b/t G, I, and J • End of the honeymoon: • Germany invaded the Soviet Union—fatal error for Hitler…should have had the Brits subdued

  14. US response to the war in Europe • FDR proclaimed the US could not remain neutral • FDR called for building of armed forces • Congress passed Selective Service Act Isolationists versus Interventionists • Destroyer-Base Deal • FDR won a remarkable THIRD TERM • Lend-Lease

  15. FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech • Freedom of speech and expression • Freedom of religion • Freedom from Want • Freedom from fear

  16. Atlantic Charter • Secret meeting b/t FDR and Churchill • Respected self-determination • Called for the creation of the United Nations

  17. Move over Japan… • US harsh on Japanese attacks in Asia • US passed embargo against Japan • Export aviation gas, lubricants, scrap iron/steel; iron ore, certain chemicals, tools, etc. • US demanded Japan to withdraw from Indochina & China • Japan began to plot secret attack on US

  18. “a date that will live in infamy” Damage: 8 battleships in harbor Over 2500 killed 3 aircraft carriers spared December 7, 1941

  19. America in WWII Chapter 36

  20. Mobilizing for War • With the men enlisting in the military, women stepped up to work in the factories (Rosie the Riveter) • African Americans moved to the North to work • General population shifted to the “sunbelt” • Women joined the military in WACS, WAVES to do medical & tech support, along with flying equipment to war zone and decoding • War Production Board was created to aid in the transition from consumer to war goods • Raised taxes to pay for the war • Volunteerism raised…no mass hysteria like seen in WWI.

  21. Manhattan Project Research all aspects of building the A-bomb in hopes of out doing Germany (and Soviets) for the bomb Worked in Los Alamos, NM headed by Oppenheimer Ran tests in the desert A little thing out in the desert:

  22. War @ Home • Selective Service Act: authorized the peacetime draft in 1940 • War Production Board: gov help in transition from consumer goods to war goods • Americans were asked to buy war bonds • Victory gardens—grew own veggies • Rationing of products: sugar, gas, meat, rubber and other products

  23. Japanese-Americans after Pearl Harbor • Executive Order 9066: Japanese- Americans were forced from their homes into internment camps in remote locations, many lost everything; sued for civil rights were violated. 1983 gov paid reparations

  24. Minorities @ War • Women served in the Women’s Army Corps (WACS) • A-A: Tuskegee Airmen • Native Americans: code talkers

  25. Trying to end the War: • Grand Alliance: those who fought against Axis Powers created the UN Declaration in 1942 • Objectives: • Hitler first then Japan • Military Plans: • Economic blockades • Air attacks • Final direct assault on Germany

  26. Japan was rapidly gaining control in the Pacific and had control of the major supply route into China from India US Loss of the Philippines & the Bataan death march 1st Six Months were iffy

  27. Allied Turning points in the war • Battle of Stalingrad: first major German defeat on land

  28. Perhaps war’s most important battle; led by Gen. Eisenhower Significance: Opened a 2nd front of the war in Europe Within months Belgium, France & Lux were liberated Battle of the Bulge: Dec. 1944 Hitler launched one more offensive attack to keep US troops out of Germany. Gen. Patton countered. D-Day (June 6, 1944)

  29. The pressure is on US approached Berlin from the west Soviets came from the east May 7, 1945—V-E Day The pressure is on…

  30. Island hopping • Battle of Midway: turning point in the Pacific • Allies broke the Japanese code • US crushed the Japanese naval fleet…destroyed any hope of Japan of attacking the US mainland • Iwo Jima: • Fighter planes now close enough to bomb Japan • Okinawa: • American casualties will result in the use of the atomic bomb

  31. August 6 & 9, 1945: Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed 140K killed instantly; tens of thousands later due to radiation poisoning, cancer, etc. Sept. 2, 1945: Japan surrendered aboard USS Missouri Bombs Away!

  32. 40-55 million dead; 25 million civilians 30 million Europeans lost their homeland Massive destruction of cities Holocaust: 6 million plus Jews were killed as part of Hitler’s Final Solution 6 million others (Gypsies, physically/mentally handicapped, political opponents) were also killed Costs of War

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