Tel: 07711 443 463 E-mail: info@safeguardingfirst Website safeguardingfirst

1. Tel: 07711 443 463 E-mail: info@safeguardingfirst.com Website www.safeguardingfirst.com Pam Gartland: Safeguarding First ‘App’ available from the App Store find us on Twitter - @safeguarding1st

2. Keeping Children Safe Whole Workforce Training Keeping Children Safe Is Your Business My Business It’s Everyone's Business

3. Session Format Welcome and introductions What does safeguarding mean? The legal context Individual activity What are we protecting children from? Early identification of need Your statutory role and responsibility in relation to safeguarding children Finish

4. Safeguarding Children Vulnerable Adults Safe People Our responsibilities to Safeguarding in schools and settings Safe Premises & Places Safe children

5. The Session is Informed by the Following: Children Act (1989) Children Act (2004) section 10/14b Serious Case Reviews: Birmingham/Haringey/Coventry/Bradford/Sunderland/Stockton/Cumbria/Nottingham/Hartlepool Statutory Guidance on Making Safeguarding Arrangements Education Act 2002 – section 175 (maintained) The Education (Independent School Standards) Regulation 2014 (including Academies/Free Schools) The Education Non Maintained Special Schools (England) Regulation 2015 Keeping Children Safe In Education DfE 2018 All staff should at least read Part 1 - ‘Safeguarding Information for all Staff’ Annex A: Further Information – should be read by all those who work directly with children. Designated LA Service Middlesbrough (LADO) Tel: 01642 726 004 Designated LA Service Stockton (LADO) Tel: 01429 401844 Designated LA Service Redcar & Cleveland (LADO) Tel: 01642 771 531

6. DfE - Statutory framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) April 2017 • Working Together to Safeguard Children (HM GOV) (2018) • DfE 2015 – what do you do if you are worried about a child – practitioners advice. • Middlesbrough Safeguarding Children BoardEmail: mscb@middlesbrough.gov.uk • Stockton Safeguarding Children Board • Business Manager Pauline Beall 01642 527632 • Website: www.stockton.gov.uk • Redcar and Cleveland Safeguarding Children Board • Tel: 01642 444339 • Child Protection: Tees Local Safeguarding Children Boards’Procedures: • http://www.teescpp.org.uk • Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) The Prevent Duty - 1st July 2015 Schools (and since 18th September 2015 all colleges) Section 26 of the Act ‘Due regard’ To Prevent ’ - Assess risk of children and young people being drawn into extremism. • Channel Panels - National Response to Radicalisation. SPOC for Cleveland Police: Nigel Mulholland • From October 2015 – Section 5B Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 (section 74 Serious Crime Act 2015) places a statutory duty upon teachers to report to the police where they discover either through disclosure by the victim or visual evidence that female genital mutilation ‘appears to have been carried out ‘on a girl under 18. • DfE 2018 - Information Sharing – advice for practitioners providing safeguarding services to children young people parents and carers • Data Protection Act (2018) • Freedom of Information Act (2000) • Sexual Offences Act (2003)

7. General Data Protection Regulations May 2018 • Understanding of what data you hold, why you hold it and for how long you are retaining it. • Review of what you record, how you record and where that data may be used. • Understanding of consent, inclusive of parents and children (13). • Information MUST be recorded where there are concerns about children and GDPR supports this.

8. Key Themes from SCRs Learning has highlighted the importance of: • The child’s journey and understanding the child’s lived experience • Historic information – previous parenting can be used to predict future behaviour • Robust multi-agency assessments – particularly for babies and at the pre-birth stage • Professional curiosity and asking the ‘unthinkable questions • Procedural compliance • Professional challenge • A focus on fathers and hidden males • Early intervention – addressing need and risk as soon as it is evident

9. Key Learning from SCRs • Professional optimism • Transition arrangements • Understanding of the early help offer • Impact of the Toxic Trio • Resistant, hostile and uncooperative parents and carers Domestic Violence Parental Substance Misuse Parental Mental Health Issues

10. Making a Referral in Middlesbrough • Information shared directly to the Designated Safeguarding Lead (DSL) • DSL contacts the First Contact Team on 01642 726004 or the Emergency Duty Team on 01642 524552 • Followed up by written referral (SAFER Tool) • DSL may contact the Police on 101 or Cleveland Police 01642 326326 in the event of any emergency or if a crime has been committed

11. Making a Referral in Stockton • Information shared directly to the Designated Safeguarding Lead (DSL) • DSL contact – the Children’s Hub – 01429 284284 or 01642 130080 • Email: childrenshub@hartlepool.gcsx.gov.uk • Emergency Duty Team (Outside of Office Hours) – 01642 524552 • Followed up by written referral • DSL may contact the Police on 101 or the Protection of Vulnerable People Unit on 01642 326326 in the event of any emergency or if a crime has been committed.

12. Making a Referral in Redcar and Cleveland • Information shared directly to the Designated Safeguarding Lead (DSL) • DSL contact - First Contact Team - 01642 771 500 • Emergency Duty Team (Outside of Office Hours) • 01642 524 552 • Followed up by written referral • DSL may contact the Police on 101 or the Protection of Vulnerable People Unit on 01642 326326 in the event of any emergency or if a crime has been committed.

13. What does abuse and neglect look like? Images taken from the internet of public perceptions

15. Reflection • How does it feel to be that child? • How might it feel to live in that house? • How could we recognise that these children are at risk? • What can we do? • What support do they require? Think – ‘it could happen here’

16. Framework for the assessment of Children in Need and their families (DH2000) • The importance of families in caring for and protecting children and vulnerable adults • Safeguarding is everybody’s business • We identified the need to develop policy, practice and services to reflect these two points... • To promote joint working between child & adult focussed services

17. Continuum of need/risk Taken from: Middlesbrough Safeguarding Children Board – Providing the Right Support & Meeting a Childs Needs in Middlesbrough, Redcar & Cleveland

18. Continuum of need/risk

19. Early Identification of Need • School and college staff are particularly important as they are in a position to identify concerns early, provide help for children, and prevent concerns from escalating. • Knowing what to look for is vital to the early identification of abuse and neglect • Research and Serious Case Reviews have repeatedly shown the dangers of failing to take effective action. (KCSIE 2018)

20. Early Identification of Need • Early identification, requires knowledge of the child, family, background and situation • Early identification also requires awareness of age appropriate child development and being observant of changes to a child’s daily presentation and well being • Early identification means facing the problem/difficulty (where appropriate) directly with the child and parent(s) and offering immediate intervention before statutory measures/assessment is required • Early identification means building solid relationships with children and families to ensure clear channels of communication are in place.

21. Early Identification of Need • Engage children and parents in maintaining good communication with you. • Act quickly and offer support before the situation needs to be resolved through statutory intervention. • Record all actions, interventions and observations you make. • Listen to the voice of the Child and the needs of the family. • You can be the person that prevents the escalation.

22. Significant Harm Harm is defined in the Children Act 1989 Section 31 (9) as: Ill-treatment Impairment of health (as compared to a similar child) Note: harm now includes the impairment of a child’s health or development as a result of witnessing the ill-treatment of anotherperson (Adoption and Children Act 2002)

23. Whatconstitutes ‘Significant Harm’? Consideration of the severity of ill-treatment may include: The degree and the extent of physical harm The duration and frequency of abuse and neglect The extent of premeditation Thepresence or degree of threat, coercion, sadism, and bizarre or unusual elements What constitutes significant harm: Single events Complex and longstanding cases

24. Types of abuse and neglect All school/college staff should be aware that abuse, neglect and safeguarding issues are rarely standalone events that can be covered by one definition or label. In most cases multiple issues will overlap with one another. Abuse: A form of maltreatment of a child. Somebody may abuse or neglect a child by inflicting harm or by failing to act to prevent harm. Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community setting by those known to them or, more rarely, by others. Abuse can take place wholly online, or technology may be used to facilitate offline abuse. They may be abused by an adult or adults or by another child or children. (KCSIE 2018)

25. Definitions of Abuse Physical Abuse A form of abuse which may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces illness in a child. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

26. Neglect The persistent failure to meet a child's basic physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of the child's health or development. Neglect may occur during pregnancy as a result of maternal substance misuse. Once a child is born, neglect may involve a parent or carer failing to provide adequate food and clothing, shelter including exclusion from home or abandonment, failing to protect a child from physical and emotional harm or danger, failure to ensure adequate supervision including the use of inadequate care-takers, or the failure to ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment. It may also include neglect of, or unresponsiveness to, a child's basic emotional needs” Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

27. Sexual Abuse Involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities, not necessarily involving a high level of violence, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical contact, including assault by penetration (for example, rape or oral sex) or non-penetrative acts such as masturbation, kissing, rubbing and touching outside of clothing. They may also include non-contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or in the production of, sexual images, watching sexual activities, encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, or grooming a child in preparation for abuse. Sexual abuse can take place online, and technology can be used to facilitate offline abuse. Sexual abuse is not solely perpetrated by adult males. Women can also commit acts of sexual abuse, as can other children. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

28. Emotional Abuse The persistent emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the child's emotional development. It may involve conveying to a child that they are worthless or unloved, inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another person. It may include not giving the child opportunities to express their views, deliberately silencing them or ‘making fun’ of what they say or how they communicate. It may feature age or developmentally inappropriate expectations being imposed on children. These may include interactions that are beyond a child’s developmental capability, as well as overprotection and limitation of exploration and learning, or preventing the child participating in normal social interaction. It may involve seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another. It may involve serious bullying (including cyber bullying), causing children frequently to feel frightened or in danger, or the exploitation or corruption of children. Some level of emotional abuse is involved in all types of maltreatment of a child though it may occur alone. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2018)

29. Consider the vulnerability and diversity of the children we are protecting here in your school and community What might make them more vulnerable? Something about the child? Something about the parent/carer? Something about the family? How can we ensure we carry out our statutory role?

30. Peer on Peer Vulnerability Allegations of abuse made against other children All staff should be aware that safeguarding issues can manifest themselves via peer on peer abuse. This is most likely to include, but may not be limited to: • bullying (including cyberbullying); • physical abuse such as hitting, kicking, shaking, biting, hair pulling, or otherwise causing physical harm; • sexual violence and sexual harassment; • sexting (also known as youth produced sexual imagery); • initiation/hazing type violence and rituals. (KCSIE 2018)

31. ‘I saw your willy’ NSPCC

32. Online SafetyHow are we promoting transferrable skills?How do we measure the impact of what we do?How do we support children recognising the difference between the online world and thereal world?

33. All staff need to be particularly alert to a child who: • is disabled and has specific additional needs; • has special educational needs (whether or not they have a statutory education, health and care plan); • is a young carer; • is showing signs of being drawn in to anti-social or criminal behaviour, including gang involvement and association with organised crime groups; • is frequently missing/goes missing from care or from home; • is misusing drugs or alcohol themselves; • Is at risk of modern slavery, trafficking or exploitation; • is in a family circumstance presenting challenges for the child, such as substance abuse, adult mental health problems or domestic abuse; • has returned home to their family from care; • is showing early signs of abuse and/or neglect; • is at risk of being radicalised or exploited; • is a privately fostered child. KCSIE 2018 page 7

34. Additional Advice/Further Areas of Vulnerability to Consider Abuse Bullying including Cyber Bullying Children and the Court System Children Missing from Education, home and care Children with family members in prison Child Sexual Exploitation – VEMT Child Criminal Exploitation - County Lines Domestic Abuse Drugs and Alcohol Misuse Honour based violence ‘so called’ (FGM, Forced Marriage and Breast Ironing) Health and Well Being Homelessness Online Private Fostering Radicalisation Peer on Peer Abuse Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment Violence For more information please see Annex A and pages 86-87 of KCSIE 2018.

35. Child Sexual Exploitation Child sexual exploitation is a form of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or (b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator. The victim may have been sexually exploited even if the sexual activity appears consensual. Child sexual exploitation does not always involve physical contact: it can also occur through the use of technology. Annex A KCSIE 2018

36. ‘Honour Based’ Violence (HBV) • So-called ‘honour-based’ violence (HBV) encompasses incidents or crimes which have been committed to protect or defend the honour of the family and/or the community, including female genital mutilation (FGM), forced marriage, and practices such as breast ironing. • Abuse committed in the context of preserving “honour” often involves a wider network of family or community pressure and can include multiple perpetrators. It is important to be aware of this dynamic and additional risk factors when deciding what form of safeguarding action to take. (KCSIE 2018)

37. Female Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genital organs Typically carried out by a traditional circumciser using a blade or razor (with or without anaesthesia) FGM is concentrated in 28 African countries, Yemen and Iraqi Kurdistan, and found elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East. The age at which it is conducted varies from days after birth to puberty; in half the countries for which national figures are available, most girls are cut before the age of five. Typically occurs between ages of 5-8 years old, recent information suggests 8-15 years and during summer holidays.

38. Female Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genital organs Typically carried out by a traditional circumciser using a blade or razor (with or without anaesthesia) FGM is concentrated in 28 African countries, Yemen and Iraqi Kurdistan, and found elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East. The age at which it is conducted varies from days after birth to puberty; in half the countries for which national figures are available, most girls are cut before the age of five. Typically occurs between ages of 5-8 years old, recent information suggests 8-15 years and during summer holidays.

39. Forced Marriage • Forcing a person into a marriage is a crime in England and Wales. • A forced marriage is one entered into without the full and free consent of one or both parties and where violence threats or any other form of coercion is used to cause a person to enter into a marriage. • Threats can be physical or emotional and psychological. A lack of full and free consent can be where a person does not consent or where they cannot consent (if they have learning disabilities, for example). Nevertheless, some communities use religion and culture as a way to coerce a person into marriage.

40. Schools and colleges can play an important role in safeguarding children from forced marriage. • The Forced Marriage Unit has published Multi-agency guidelines, with pages 32-36 focusing on the role of schools and colleges. • School and college staff can contact the Forced Marriage Unit if they need advice or information. Contact: 020 7008 0151 or email: fmu@fco.gov.uk.

41. Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015 The Prevent Duty - 1st July 2015 for schools & 18th September 2015 for colleges, Section 26 of the Act • ‘Due regard’ ‘To Prevent’ assess risk of children and young people being drawn into extremism (based upon different potential risks in each local community) • Work in partnership with LA safeguarding teams and LSCB. • Staff training (Prevent awareness raising, including how and who to refer to) • IT policies are robust-appropriate usage for children and staff so they are not vulnerable through internet access (including filters) • Monitor and enforce through ensuring safeguarding procedures are in place (Inspected by OFSTED).

42. National and Local Response to Radicalisation • Channel Panels are a multi agency response and assessment of risk of radicalisation for adults and children. • SPOC for Cleveland Police: Nigel Mulholland • For schools/settings dedicated helpline: Due Diligence and Counter Extremism Group (DDCEG) (020 7340 7264) • If you are concerned that a child’s life is in immediate danger or that they may be imminently planning to travel to Syria or Iraq dial 999 or call the confidential Anti-Terrorist Hotline on 0800 789 321.

43. Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment • Sexual violence and sexual harassment can occur between two children of any age and sex. It can also occur through a group of children sexually assaulting or sexually harassing a single child or group of children. • Sexual violence and sexual harassment exist on a continuum and may overlap, they can occur online and offline (both physical and verbal). • It is important that all victims are taken seriously and offered appropriate support. Staff should be aware that some groups are potentially more at risk. Evidence shows girls, children with SEND and LGBT children are at greater risk.

44. County Lines • Criminal exploitation of children is a geographically widespread form of harm that is a typical feature of county lines criminal activity: drug networks or gangs groom and exploit children and young people to carry drugs and money from urban areas to suburban and rural areas, market and seaside towns. • Similar behaviours observed to sexual exploitation e.g. going missing, extra money, unknown people waiting outside of school.

45. Summary • No form of abuse is worse than another. • Don’t worry about the title or diagnosis. • Consider is there an imbalance of power and control? • What is the individual impact for the child and their level of resilience? • Follow safeguarding procedures at all times. • Report, record and ensure follow up happens.

47. The Child’s Voice The role and responsibility of school is to advocate on behalf of the child so please think about the following: Listening to the child’s views and feelings Observing the child and their interactions with peers, adults and parents Valuing your relationship with the child and the information you can offer Sharing information with the safeguarding lead so that the child’s voice is NEVER lost Keeping up to date records

48. Disclosure Receiving information from a child or young person either directly or indirectly

49. How do you respond to a Disclosure? Be ready to act immediately Understand that a child might find it difficult to share Be supportive of the child and your own well being Be sure that the child understands the next steps you will take Listen to the voice of the child and be clear to use their words Engage and Initiate your safeguarding procedures

50. Staff have concerns about child and take immediate action. Staff follow their Child Protection Policy and speak to the Designated Lead (1) Other agency action School/college action child Referral not required. School/college takes relevant action, possibly including early help (2) and monitors locally Designated Safeguarding Lead or staff makes referral (3) to children’s social care (and call police if appropriate) Referral (3) made if concerns escalate In cases which also involve an allegation of abuse against a staff member, see Part Four of KCSIE 2018 Early help means providing support as soon as a problem emerges at any point in a child’s life. Where a child would benefit from co-ordinated early help, and early help inter-agency assessment should be arranged. Chapter One of Working Together to Safeguard Children provides details guidance on the early help process Under the Children Act 1989, local authorities are required to provide services for children in need for the purposes of safeguarding and promoting their welfare. This can include s17 assessments of children in need and S47 assessments of children at risk of significant harm. Full details are in Chapter One of Working Together to Safeguarding Children This could include applying for an Emergency Protection Order (EPO) Within 1 working day, social worker makes decision about type of response required Section 47 (4) enquiries appropriate: referrer informed Section 17 (4) enquiries appropriate: referrer informed No formal assessment required: referrer informed Child in need of immediate protection: referrer informed Appropriate emergency action taken by social worker, police or NSPCC (5) Identify child at risk of significant harm; (4) possible child protection plan (3) School/college considers early help assessment (2) accessing universal services and other support Identify if child in need (4) and identify appropriate support At all stages, staff should keep the child’s circumstances under review and re-refer if appropriate, to ensure the child’s circumstances improve – the child’s best interests must always come first ‘Actions where there are concerns about a child’ (KCSI 2018, Page 13)