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Shallow Marine Carbonate Environments

Dive into the world of shallow marine carbonate environments where sediment shapes ecosystems. Learn about controls on carbonate facies, platform types, and sequence stratigraphic controls. Discover how environmental concerns impact these unique coastal areas.

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Shallow Marine Carbonate Environments

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  1. Shallow Marine Carbonate Environments "Carbonate sediments are born not made"

  2. SubtidalCarbonate Factory • Shallow (< 20m), subtidal, well circulated, marine shelf environment. • Carbonate (mostly biogenic) sediment is transported both shoreward and basinward.

  3. Controls on Carbonate Facies • Environmental conditions • Depth • Salinity • Temperature • Oxygenation • Faunal Succession • Currents/sorting

  4. Carbonate Platforms/Depositional Systems • Ramp • Rimmed Shelf • Epieric Platform • Isolated Platform

  5. Common Carbonate Platforms Types Carbonate Ramp Rimmed Carbonate Platform

  6. Generic Rimmed Carbonate Platform Model "X", "Y", "Z" facies • Open shelf/basin • Re-sedimented, storm wave reworked carbonate turbidites and pelagic mudstone/wackestone • Slope facies breccias • Mixed redeposited shallow marine and pelagicfauna

  7. Generic Rimmed Carbonate Platform Model: "X“ facies • Outer Shelf ("Reefs"): high energy, wave washed barrier; "X" • biohermal "reef" and associated fragmental carbonate sands • carbonate grainstone/packstone and boundstone facies • algae, corals, sponges, stromataporoids, bryozoans, rudists

  8. Middle Shelf ("Subtidal Shelf Carbonates"): low energy, subtidal, back barrier; "carbonate factory"; "Y" abundant biogenic carbonate mud production: good circulation, little temperature variation, abundant bioturbation patch reefs and grainstone shoals carbonate wackestone/ mudstone facies; peletal muds and "grapestone" brachiopods,pelecypods, gastropods, crinoids, echinoderms Generic Rimmed Carbonate Platform Model: "Y“ facies

  9. Inner shelf ("Peritidal Environments"): intertidal-supratidal with episodic storm-induced flooding; "Z" extremes of temperature and salinity; hypo- to hypersaline (climate determined): highly variable physical environment stromatolites and cryptalgal laminations common: algal mudstone algal mats, dessication features, rip-up clasts and early lithification, oncolites, fenestrae, primary dolomite and evaporite deposits Generic Rimmed Carbonate Platform Model: "Z" facies

  10. Sequence Stratigraphic Controls on Depositional Cyclicity

  11. Carbonate Facies • South Florida Bahamas Platform

  12. Environmental Concerns in Carbonate Dominated Coasts • Fresh water pollution • Temperature pollution • Sewage/chemical pollution

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