Policy Gap in Co-management of Community-led Renewable Energy Projects: Canada vs EU

1. Energy Co-management in Community led Renewable Energy (CBR) Projects: A Policy Gap between Canada and EU Mohammad Nazrul Islam Candidate for MA in Environmental Policy Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland

2. Key Concepts Decarbonize Community Renewable Energy (CRE)= CRE Co-management= Collaboration CoM Decentralized Democratic Constitutional Collective Operational

3. Conceptual Map

4. The Key Research Question How do existing policies contribute to shaping RE Co-management in both Canada and EU?

5. Methodology i) Research Technique: Summative content analysis ii) Unite of Analysis: Five different key themes including “Community owned”, “Renewable energy,” “Ownership”, “Public participation”, “Decision making”. iii) Data Analysis : Three thematic analysis

6. Major Ownership Policy tools for RE EU Countries Scotland= Land Reform Scotland Act, 2003 Germany= The German Energy Act Denmark= The Promotion of Renewable Energy Act, 2009 England=Shared ownership taskforce, 2014 Canada Ontario= The Green Economy Act, 2009 B.C= The Clean Energy Act, 2011 Alberta= CCS,2008 Nova Scotia= COMFIT

7. Ownership Policy Gaps between EU & Canada EU Countries Community Or Cooperative Based and More Collective Ownership. Canada Less Community Based and More Corporate Energy Ownership.

8. Major Institutional Policy tools for RE EU Countries: European Directive of Renewable Energy 2009/28/EC Scotland= Rural Development Program for Scotland Germany= FiT under the German EEG of 2000. Denmark= Danish FiP under REA, 2009 England=Shared ownership taskforce, 2014 Canada :At Federal level no policy like the European Directive on Renewable Energy Ontario= FiT under EEA,2009 B.C= The Clean Energy Act, 2011 Nova Scotia= COMFIT NL= Net Metering Policy Manitoba= RFP, 2007

9. Institutional Policy Gaps between EU & Canada EU Countries Every EU Nation Should Be Required Certain Level Of Energy From Renewable Source By 2020. Canada RE Program Might Be Less Substantial Due To Lack Of Comprehensive And Integrated Energy Policy

10. Major Participation Policy tools for RE EU Countries Scotland= CARES Scheme Germany= Energy Self Sufficient Village Model Denmark= The Promotion of Renewable Energy Act, 2009 Canada Ontario= Renewable Energy Approval Regulation, EA Legislation B.C= The Clean Energy Act, 2011 Nova Scotia= COMFIT NL= Bill 61

11. Participation Policy Gaps between EU & Canada EU Countries More Democratic like “One Member-One Vote” Canada “Decide-Announce-Defend” or “One Dollar-One Vote” model

12. RE Co-operative both in Canada and EU EU Countries i) 3,000 RE co‑ops are across Europe ii) 80 per cent of these being located in Germany and Denmark. iii) In Germany alone, 772 RE co‑ops have been established between 2006 and 2014 Canada i) 47 active RE co‑ops across Canada ii) Almost 72% of these being located in Ontario iii) NL, PE, NT,YT and NU had no recorded RE co‑op activity

13. Conclusion EU has applied more effective policy tools compare to the Canada.

14. Thank You

15. Acknowledgment Rural Policy Learning Commons (RPLC) Natural Resource Development Team Governance Team