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Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis. By: Julie Carrasco, Brianna Macias, Alexx Rusake. Origin. Discovered by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868 Recognized in 1873 by Dr. Walter Moxon in England and in 1878 by Dr. Edward Seguin in the U.S. Quick Intro.

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Multiple Sclerosis

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  1. Multiple Sclerosis By: Julie Carrasco, Brianna Macias, Alexx Rusake

  2. Origin • Discovered by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868 • Recognized in 1873 by Dr. Walter Moxon in England and in 1878 by Dr. Edward Seguin in the U.S.

  3. Quick Intro • Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord • Nerves of the brain and spinal cord are damaged by own immune system (autoimmune disease) • Loss of muscle control, vision, balance and sensation • Disease becoming more common • About 250,000-350,000 people with MS in the U.S • More common in Northern Europe and in white people • 4 types: relapsing- remitting, primary-progressive, secondary-progressive, progressive-relapsing

  4. Cause • No one is sure of the cause • Some say it is a combination of genetics and something you are exposed to environmentally early in life • Viruses like Epstein-Barr, Varicella Zoster, and the Hepatitis vaccine might be a possible cause (still not proven) • Hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by the immune system (estrogen & progesterone and testosterone) • Higher levels of testosterone in men might be why women with MS are more common than men

  5. Symptoms • Muscle weakness • Fatigue • Decreased coordination • Blurred or hazy vision • Double vision • Depression/emotional changes • Pain or numbness • Slurred speech and stuttering

  6. Treatment Treat attacks: • Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation that happens during relapse • Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): To help with severe symptoms of MS for people that aren’t responding to the steroids Treat symptoms: • Physical therapy • Dalfampridine (Ampyra): Improve walking speed -Side effect: Seizures • Muscle relaxants: Improve muscle spasticity -Baclofen (Lioresal) -Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Slow the disease: • Beta Interferons • Glatiramer acetate • Fingolimod • Teriflunomide • Mitoxantrone

  7. Prognosis • Hard to determine life expectancy • Approximate life expectancy is 25-35 years after diagnosis • Affects quality of life, not quantity • Death is mainly caused by secondary complications: heart disease, cancer, stroke, and suicide • No current cure for M.S

  8. Research • Mission : Stop disease progression, restore what has been lost, and to end MS forever • National Multiple Sclerosis Society : searches identifying targets and repurposing opportunities for progressive MS, uses experimental models for preclinical evaluation of therapies, clinical outcome, and symptom management • Cell therapy, myelin therapy, and immune system therapy all in clinical trials • Just started researching how to repair nervous system

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