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9 comp. Quarter 2. Review. Noun Verb Adjective Articles Adverb Parts of the sentence Predicate Subject Simple subject Simple predicate. 10/ 31 Sentences. The best way to find the subject is to find the verb first. Next, ask “who or what” in front of the verb.
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Review • Noun • Verb • Adjective • Articles • Adverb • Parts of the sentence • Predicate • Subject • Simple subject • Simple predicate
10/31Sentences • The best way to find the subject is to find the verb first. • Next, ask “who or what” in front of the verb. • REMEMBER: the subject of a sentence is never in a prepositional phrase. • Practice: • Over the hill horses thundered. • Find the verb: • Who or what ? • Evangeline Booth was General of the International Salvation Army from 1934 to 1939. • Verb: • Who or what ?
Find the subject and the verb: • Have you heard of Nellie Bly, the famous newspaper reporter? • In 1876 Melville Bissell invented the carpet sweeper. • Under her management as corporation president, the company sold millions of carpet sweepers.
A pine-forested area of New Jersey is supposedly haunted by the Jersey Devil. • Oregon is haunted by legends of the less aggressive Bigfoot. • Its shaggy coat of hair looks like a bear’s pelt. • Stories around Lake Champlain tell about a monster resembling a sea serpent in the depths of the lake.
Higher-ordered thinking • Quick write: What do you think of when you hear these words, “Higher Ordered Thinking”? • Analysis: • The process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. • Evaluation: • Systematic determination of a subject’s merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards.
Synthesis: • The combination of gathered material or knowledge that forms a new perspective or understanding.
11/8 • Subjects in an unusual position: • Sentences that ask questions • Sentences that begin with the words there or here.
Sentences that ask questions: • Questions often begin with a verb or a verb helper. • They also begin with the words what, when ,where, how or why. • ***The Subject ordinarily follows the verb or verb helper*** • Examples: • How is the movie different? • Does she have a ride home?
You can also find the subject by turning the question into a statement, then asking “who” or “What” before the main verb. • Example: • Was the train late?=The train was late. • [what was late? Train] • Has she answered the letter?
Sentences that begin with There: • ‘There’ is never the subject of a sentence except when spoken of as a word [like in this sentence!] • There can be used to get a sentence started when the real subject comes after the verb. • To find the subject, omit there and ask “who or what?” before the verb.
Examples: • There is a drawbridge over the river. • Omit there • A drawbridge is over the river. • There are insects in our garden. • Omit there • Insects are in our garden. • There was a clerk at the counter.
11/9 • The Understood Subject: • In a request or command (imperative sentence) the subject of the sentence is usually not stated. • In these sentences, the subject is “understood”to be the subject. • Please answer the phone. • Listen carefully to his question, class.
Writing assignment: [put this on loose-leaf to turn in] • Write ten sentences that are requests or commands; include nouns of direct address in 5 of these sentences. Write the understood subject in parentheses after each sentence and underline all nouns of direct address. • EX: • Please turn on the lamp, Henrietta. (you) • Hit the lights. (you)
11/12 compound subjects • Compound subject: Two or more subjects joined by a conjunction and having the same verb. • Common conjunctions: and, or. • IE: • Antony and Mae baked the bread. • Antony, Mae, and Pamela baked the bread. • Either Antony or Mae baked the bread.
1. Roast turkey and pumpkin pie are often served at Thanksgiving. • 2. Kettles of soup and trays of sandwiches were prepared. • 3. Both you and I should go downtown. • 4. In that drawer must be her scissors and letter opener. • 5. There are many often told jokes and riddles.
Intro Paragraph • Must have: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 1. • 2. • 3.
11/13 • Compound verbs consist of two or more verbs joined by a conjunction and having the same subject. • Valery Brisco-Hooks entered and won her olympic events. • They looked but saw nothing. • The committee met, voted on the issue, and adjourned. • My sister will buy or lease a car.
1. Stop, drop, and roll. • Pete sings, acts, and dances in the show. • Will you walk home or wait for the four o’clock bus? • Patti will not only bring the salad but also back a cake for the party. • The marching band practiced hard and won the state competition.
Body Paragraph • Must Have: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.
Synonyms for “use” • Adopt:To take and follow (a course of action, for example) by choice or assent; to take up and make one’s own. • Apply: to put to use especially for some practical purpose • Avail oneself to: • To be of use of advantage to • Write a sentence using each of the new synonyms for ‘use’
Diagramming sentences • Diagramming structure: Use pages 60-62 to diagram each structure. We will go through them one by one. • Children play. • Stop!
Diagramming structures • Wait, Pete. • There are birds on the house. • James and Chris were walking.
Diagramming Structures: • They ran and walked. • Kids and adults swam and played. • The were reading and chatting.
Diagramming Structures • Both Jimmy and Charlie can not only swim but also dive.
11/19 Synonyms of “use” • Capitalize: • Take the chance to gain advantage from. • Control: • Determine the behavior or supervise the running of something. • Draw on: • Approach, bring on or cause.
Concluding Paragraphs • Must Have: • 1. Summarize Main Points • 2. Explain how main points lead to thesis • 3. Final remarks that generalize thesis • 1. • 2. • 3.
Voice/Pre-reading (11/21) • Kiowa/N. Scott Momaday • Southwest • Oral tradition of story telling • History of a people Sacredness of dogs—used dogs to carry possessions before the Spanish gave them horses. --first horse referred to as “sacred dog”
Diagramming Adjectives and Adverbs • Remember: • Adjectives: Modify nouns or pronouns • Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs • ***Both adjectives and adverbs are written on slanted lines connected to the words they modify. • Pattern:
That old ice cream maker has never worked. • This specially designed glass very seldom breaks.
Soon Christine and her sister will graduate and will move. • The English and Australian athletes words long and very hard.
Ex. 14 • Both men spoke convincingly. • Do not swim there.
Ex 14. • A jet travels quite swiftly. • A conveniently located store almost always succeeds. • The unhappy puppy whined often and very loudly.
Test Prep • Levels of Questions: • 1: • Answers are explicit and in text • Factual • Who, what, when, where? • Didactic • 2: • Answers are implicit in text • Analytic (how, why) inferences • Reflective
3: • Answers are outside the text • Open ended – no singular correct answer • Designed to provoke Discussion • Synthesis • Affective
Practice • Instructions: This selection comes from "Her Name was Sacajawea," a report of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Read the selection and answer the questions that follow. • Parts of the journey were very difficult. Sometimes the group had to face dangerous rapids. In other cases, however, shallow or rocky waters caused problems. Whenever the waterway became shallow or rocky, or at waterfalls, the boats had to be portaged over land. They were forced to travel even in foul weather. Other tribulations the crew endured included encounters with grizzly bears, rattle snakes, and mosquitoes. All these obstacles made the men exhausted. Many became sick. Captain Lewis was the expedition's "doctor." He had a bag full of medicines and a knowledge of many helpful plants. When their Shoshoni guide, Sacajawea, grew lethargic, she became so sick that the captains were afraid she would die. Lewis and Clark took turns caring for the young woman. Finally, one of Lewis's remedies appeared to work, and Sacajawea recovered. • ELA:8:1:1:c • 1) What would be another word for tribulations as it is used in the sentence below? • "Other tribulations the crew endured included run-ins with grizzly bears, rattle snakes, and mosquitoes." • A. frights B. hardships C. situations D. arguments
Practice • What would be another word for foul as it is used in the sentence below? • "They were forced to travel even in foul weather." • A. dirty, smelly, rotten • B. wicked, evil • C. stormy, not clear • D. unfair, not acceptable
Practice • Taylor is writing a paper on neighborhood safety. Which resource would me MOST useful in providing more details about current safety concerns in the neighborhood? • A. local newspaper • B. encyclopedia • C. Internet • D. almanac
Practice • This sentence appeared in an essay about neighborhood watch groups. • "Citizens in the community are linking up to keep their neighborhood safe." • Which resource would be MOST useful in finding a synonym for the word safe? • A. dictionary • B. thesaurus • C. almanac • D. index
12/4 practice • Diagram each sentence: • Mike and Dan always joke. • Both men spoke convincingly. • Do not swim there.
There is my cat. • There are some good and relatively inexpensive restaurants. • My brother and Mrs. Williams were carefully sorting and filing.
Both Sally and Beth were not only nominated but also elected. • This specially designed glass very seldom breaks. • The English terrier is both loyal and loving.
Review Game • RULES: • No booing. Positively support your team members and the opposing team’s members. • Race diagram—each team can send one person to the board to diagram, the first person done, wins a point for their team. • Each team-mate gets 45 seconds to diagram a sentence. • The team with the diagram that is the most correct wins a point for their team.
