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复分解法制备硝酸钾

复分解法制备硝酸钾. 0℃. 10℃. 25℃. 80℃. 100℃. KNO 3. 13.3. 20.9. 38. 169. 246. NaCl. 35.7. 35.8. 36.1. 38.4. 39.8. KCl. 27.6. 31.0. 35.9. 51.1. 56.7. NaNO 3. 73.0. 80.5. 92.7. 148. 175. KNO 3 、 NaCl 、 KCl 、 NaNO 3 的溶解度( g /100g 水). 关键点:热过滤

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复分解法制备硝酸钾

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  1. 复分解法制备硝酸钾

  2. 0℃ 10℃ 25℃ 80℃ 100℃ KNO3 13.3 20.9 38 169 246 NaCl 35.7 35.8 36.1 38.4 39.8 KCl 27.6 31.0 35.9 51.1 56.7 NaNO3 73.0 80.5 92.7 148 175 KNO3、NaCl、KCl、NaNO3 的溶解度(g /100g水)

  3. 关键点:热过滤 以复结晶法提纯KNO3,由生成的AgCl沉淀量来比较复结晶前后产品中NaCl的量。

  4. 实验内容 1.硝酸钾的制备 NaNO3 21 g和KCl 18.5 g,加水35mL(20mL*+15mL),溶解。煮 沸使NaCl晶体析出。待溶液体积蒸发至原体积的约1/2时(*),趁热减压过滤(*)。 蒸发滤液至约为20~25ml,冰水浴冷却,减压过滤,将晶体烘干(约50~60℃),称量,计算产率。

  5. 2. 复结晶提纯 称取KNO3粗产品0.5g,留待检验。 将其余KNO3粗产品以略多于计算量(即100℃时溶解度计算)的水,溶解(*)。冷却,减压过滤,烘干,称量,计算产率。 3.产品纯度检验及比较 KNO3粗产品和提纯产品各0.5g,以0.1 mol/L AgNO3溶液,进行纯度比较。

  6. 思考题 1.请简述本实验由KCl和NaNO3制备KNO3所应用的原理。 2.根据溶解度数据,计算从80℃冷却到10℃时,在含15克溶剂的饱和溶液中应有多少克NaCl析出?有多少克KNO3析出?(不考虑其他盐的存在对溶解度的影响) 3.如果实验中所用的KCl或NaNO3量超过化学计算量,结果会怎样?应如何处理? 4.按KNO3在100℃时的溶解度,列出提纯时溶解粗产品应用水量的计算式。

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