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Welcome to United States History History 17A

Welcome to United States History History 17A. Instructor Carol Jean Cox. PASSIVE/ACTIVE LEARNERS. How many are here because you want to be? (active) Take an active approach - get more/retain more of class Passive Learning - MRF Memorize/Regurgitate/Forget. MOTIVATION LEADS TO SUCCESS.

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Welcome to United States History History 17A

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  1. Welcome to United States History History 17A Instructor Carol Jean Cox

  2. PASSIVE/ACTIVELEARNERS • How many are here because you want to be? (active) • Take an active approach - get more/retain more of class • Passive Learning - MRF Memorize/Regurgitate/Forget

  3. MOTIVATION LEADS TO SUCCESS • My job is to motivate • But true motivation/interest must come from you! • Grades vs. Mastery approach • either you can do something or not

  4. VALUE OF LEARNING HISTORY • History helps us to understand the WHY of things occurring the way they do. • History gives us the foundation of time and process. • History and Geography give us the context of all human knowledge

  5. VALUE OF LEARNING HISTORY • History is a basis for learning who we are and why • History provides an understanding of contemporary issues in comparison • WHY do we teach History in College if it's taught in Junior & Senior High? • more than one presentation • forget (don't retain because not motivated)

  6. HISTORY INTEGRATES KNOWLEDGE • Knowledge must be integrated • One can't study • history without economics, or • Psychology without Human Behavior, or • Philosophy without discussing geography and social problems • What is this class? • Psychology 1a, Sociology 1a, Philosophy 1a, Geography 1a, Economic 1a

  7. HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY • Steps leading to an understanding of the past. • It is a SCIENCE • 1) Gathering of Data - reading & information • establish primary sources • documents & events of the past are statements • inquiry leads to the WHY

  8. HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY • 2) Interpretation of the data • What does this mean? • Evaluation in a SCIENTIFIC MANNER • i.e. statistics • HOMELESS in Colonial America • records of court actions against homeless • transients ousted by constables

  9. HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY • 3. Establish Historical Truths • Discussion - What is True? • OBJECTIVE - knowledge conforms to reality • SUBJECTIVE - my knowledge of a topic “women weaker sex” • Scientific data supports objective

  10. HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY • One must ask questions to interpret history to find the truth • OPINION is incomplete data • i.e, Kennedy assassination • INQUIRY/DATA--> INTERPRETATION --> TRUTH (supported data)

  11. HISTORIC PERSPECTIVES • A Historical Event Can be Viewed from a Variety of Perspectives • Bias - hard to present materials without bias • Can the subjective be entirely separated from the objective?

  12. HISTORIC PERSPECTIVES • History is open to interpretation • This class is U.S. History according to Carol Jean Cox • Various perspectives are needed to create a holistic interpretation

  13. PAST REALITY • There is a true unchanging “past reality” • So little of “history” has even left a surviving trace of it’s existence. • It is not even the raw materials from which the historian works to reconstruct the past What tangible evidence is there of your existence? Your own life as an example.

  14. HISTORY PYRAMID • What percentage of historic materials is unusable because it is • UNDISCOVERED • BURIED BENEATH A TEL • COVERED BY JUNGLE GROWTH • LOCKED AWAY IN THE GOVERNMENTAL ARCHIVES • COLLECTING DUST IN A TRUNK IN AN ATTIC

  15. DISCOVERING HISTORIC TRUTH • Our ability to know the past is limited by documenting authenticity & reliability • Is the source credible? • We must make discerning use of those sources that have survived • There is an assumption that something much closer to the real truth will emerge from the reconstruction process . . . NOT TRUE

  16. DISCOVERING HISTORIC TRUTH Differing interpretations & conclusions can be obtained from the same data Example: each person has been in the position of interpreting other’s actions Each generations concerns create a new sense of the relevance of the past

  17. DISCOVERING HISTORIC TRUTH The text is not “history” but a peephole or limited vision using fragments of information a speck of insight into the past This class further distills the text and other materials into oral form in the process of transmitting history However . . . The truth is out there!

  18. REVIEW OF MAIN POINTS • Active vs. Passive Learning • Motivation = Success • Value of Learning History • History integrates knowledge • Historic Methodology • Gather data • Interpret data • Establish truth from substantiated data • Historic Perspectives • Unchanging True Past “Reality” • History Pyramid of knowledge loss • Discovering Historic Truth

  19. Welcome to United States History History 17A Instructor Carol Jean Cox

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