Solid Waste Recycling

1. Solid Waste Recycling Eng. Hala Nobani Greater Amman Municipality

2. Definition • Recycling is defined as the collecting, manufacturing and selling/buying of new products made from what once was thought of as waste

3. The recycling symbol of chasing arrows on the cover represents the three components necessary to make a difference through recycling • Collection • Manufacture, and • Purchase

4. There is a much wider scope for recycling in developing countries due to several factors: • Labor costs are lower. • In many countries there is an existing culture of reuse and recycling, with the associated system of collection, sorting, cleaning and reuse of ‘waste’ or used materials. • There is often an ‘informal sector’ which is ideally suited to taking on small-scale recycling activities. Such opportunities to earn a small income are rarely missed by members of the urban poor. • There are fewer laws to control the standards of recycled materials. (This is not to say that standards can be low – the consumer will always demand a certain level of quality). • Transportation costs are often lower, with hand or box carts often being used. • Innovative use of scrap machinery often leads to low entry costs for processing or manufacture.

5. Where are we?

6. Our Goals • Contribute to improving the environmental situation of the city of Amman. • Raise the environmental awareness among the citizens • Reduce the amount of waste received in Ghabawi Landfill and prolong the life of the cells. • Increase revenues by providing a new source of income. • Reduce emissions from the landfill.

7. Pilot Projects by NGOs • Since 1995 GAM is supporting Jordan Environment Society (JES) in implementing the pilot recycling project, by sending specialized employees to help in the survey and the awareness campaign and also in deputizing workers and vehicles to help in collecting and separating the recyclables

8. Supporting private sector • In 2005 The Mayor had signed an agreement with Al Tadweer Company. Under this agreement GAM allocated 35 dunoms near Al Ghabawi landfill to build a dirty MRF (Material Recovery Facility) with a capacity of 600 ton daily.

9. Executive Privatization Commission • In early 2007 GAM requested the Executive Privatization Commission to assess the potential for managing and recycling Municipal Solid Waste in the Municipality through a (PPP) arrangement. A pre-feasibility review was conducted. This concluded that a phased approach to MSW management and recycling under a PPP contract would be feasible and favorable option for introducing private sector participation to the project.

10. Various collection options have been elaborated and assessed and based on technical and financial reasoning, a clean Material Recycling Facility (MRF) with separation at source of dry recyclables using household separation, and bring / community banks, has been selected as a key revenue generating element of the project. It has been decided that this will be implemented in combination with collection, transport/ transfer and disposal of the residual wet waste (Household and Commercial sources remaining after recycling). Residential and Commercial customers will be served.

11. Drop-off recycling centers (Bring community banks • are set up so that individuals can deliver their recyclables to a designated collection site. Containers need to be well labeled and in a convenient location. Grocery stores or schools are often willing to participate by providing a convenient drop-off area in their parking lots. • Regularly scheduled pickup and cleaning will be needed. • Our plan is to start using schools, Parks, Technology centers, as drop-off recycling centers.

12. Typical recycling rates in 2003 for the EU member states are typically 35 to 40% by weight for MSW stream and being gradually increased through the use of economic and legislative instruments. (www. Defra.gov.uk)

13. How Can Participation Be Encouraged? • Instilling new habits takes time. The success of a recycling program will depend on early community involvement, followed by continuing educational efforts. • One of the best ways to ensure strong participation in the program is to introduce recycling to schools first. When children learn about recycling at school, they serve as recycling ambassadors, sharing what they have learned with their families and others in the community.

14. For the coming two years we will conduct a pilot project called (Implementation to Spread Awareness) ISA • The ISA project will use the schools as drop-off recycling centers and with cooperation with The Executive Commission for Child Friendly City we will give lectures to the Liaison officers in the schools and these officers well be spreading the idea in there turn among their colleagues in the first stage. In the second stage with the aid of these officers we will be spreading the idea for adjacent neighborhoods. And in the third stage we will seek the commercial sites participation through conducting a wide spread awareness campaign using the media and special publications.

15. We will support participating schools in the project by providing free services to them depending on the needs of each school • Entertainment activities well be held as rewards for students and the distinguished participants in the project.

17. Sorting Plant • We have chosen the Al Sha’er Transfer station in order to build the semi automated Clean MRF (material recovery facility). This TS is build on the high way at which a small EIA study had been made and approved the site. Semi automated MRF can contain the following:- • Conveyor belt • Electromagnetic • Baling press • screening machine (optional) • A glass crusher (optional)

18. Al Sha’er TS

19. Final Destination • World market prices for recyclables are relevant to any project. A strong demand exists in Jordan for clean and sorted recyclables. Prices have increases steeply in the last decade driven by insatiable demand from China and India. It is expected that market prices will increase further which translate directly into higher project income.

20. Thank You