Chapter 1 Review

1. Chapter 1 Review Test Tomorrow! Bring a pencil!

2. 1. What is biology? What topics would you study in biology? • Study of life and living organisms • Examples of what we study in bio: animals, plants, bacteria, genetics, cell division, ecology, evolution 2. List and describe the 8 characteristics of life (use your notes). • Cell Structure and Function • All living organisms are made up of cells (Unicellular or Multicellular) • Multicellular organisms' cells become differentiated and develop into specialized tissues • "Form fits Function" • Organization • Cells are organized, different cells/organelles/tissues/organs have different functions but work together to make a fully functional system • Matter, Energy and Organization • All organisms made up of matter and need a constant energy source • Autotroph - makes own food energy (producers) • Heterotroph - consumes other organisms for food energy (consumers) • Metabolism - all energy using/producing reactions in the body

3. Growth • All organisms grow and need energy to grow • Grow because of cell division and cell enlargement • Use nutrients from food to build new cells • Reproduction • Essential to the survival of the species; produce organisms like themselves since the offspring inherits the parents' DNA • Asexual – offspring inherits DNA from one parent, identical to parent (unless mutation) • Sexual – offspring inherits DNA from both parents, not identical to either parent • Evolution • Species' genes change over many generations; • DNA/genes change because of changes in enviro or mutations • Interdependence of Organisms • All species are dependent on each other, no species can survive without other species • Stability and Homeostasis • Homeostasis - stable, internal living conditions • Stable internal conditions not the same for all species • If homeostasis is altered, can interfere with functioning of cell/body

4. 3. List the steps of the scientific method in order. • Observations– organize, research, use senses, take measurements • Hypothesis– basis for experiment, question form, has to be testable, make prediction • Experiment– 2 groups (control/experiment), only test one variable/factor at a time • Results– analyze data, can trust data?, does support hypothesis? • Theory– evidence based explanation for phenomena 4. What is a hypothesis? • Question about a problem you’ve observed • Basis for experiment, has to be testable • Usually make a prediction about what is causing the problem

5. 5. Why does a scientific experiment need a control group? (know difference between control & experimental group) • Need to have control group so you can compare the results of the experimental group with results that would happen “normally” • Control – does not have experimental factor • Experimental group – exposed to the experimental factor 6. How many experimental factors should be in a properly designed scientific experiment and why? • Only ONE!!! B/c if you test more than one factor at a time, you won’t know what caused the results 7. What is the difference between the experimental factor and the independent variable? • Nothing! Experimental factor – new variable being tested, same as independent variable • Dependent variable – what you’re hoping will be affected by the experimental factor.

6. 8. What should you do during the results step? • Analyze data, can you trust the data? • Does it support your hypothesis? 9. What is a theory? Are scientific theories the same as a scientific fact? • Evidence based explanation for how/why something happens • Believed to be true by majority of people, based on evidence from scientific tests • NO, not a fact! Can be proven wrong as new data comes out

7. 10. What are the SI base units for measuring length, mass, time, volume and temperature?  - Length: meter (m)  - Time: second (s) - Mass: gram (g)  - Temperature: Celsius ( C) 11. Why was the SI system invented? • To have a universal measuring system for the whole world to use 12. Describe how the SI system works. • Different base unit to describe what you’re measuring • Add prefixes to base term to change value • Each prefix is a multiple of 10

8. Autotroph –Organism that makes its own energy/food, most use energy from sun to make food, aka producers; Examples: plants, algae, some bacteria • Control Group – Group that serves as a standard for comparison, the “normal” group, not exposed to experimental factor • Dependent Variable – The factor you are measuring, changed by the experimental factor • Experimental Factor – The factor you are changing, the independent variable • Experimental Group – Group you are performing the experiment on, has the experimental factor • Heterotroph – Organism that uses other organisms for energy/food source, aka “consumer”; Example – animals, fungus, protists, some bacteria, rare plants

9. Homeostasis – Stable internal living conditions • Magnification – Increase of an object’s apparent size • Multicellular – Many celled organism, Cells are differentiated (specialized); Example – animal, plant, fungus • Resolution –Clarity of the enlarged image, amount of details shown • Scientific Method – Process scientists follow when conducting an experiment • Unicellular – Single celled organism; Example – bacteria, protist, algae

10. Know parts of the microscope. • Know how to calculate total magnification of a microscope. • Eyepiece is 10x • Multiply eyepiece magnification with magnification in the objective lens • Example: If the objective lens is 20X, the total magnification is: • 20x x 10x (eyepiece) = 200x Total magnification • 35x x 10x (eyepiece) = 350x Total magnification