379-387 Create a graphic organizer identifying changes in the 14 th century and how

1. 379-387 • Create a graphic organizer identifying • changes in the 14th century and how • those changes impacted Europe. • Analyze an excerpt from Boccaccio’s • Decameron.

2. Prelude to Disaster Agricultural Crisis Standard of living.. Stress on govt’s to solve the problems.. • Little Ice Age led to famine • and price inflation 1300s. • Poor nutrition led to disease • and epidemics = ex. Ypres • This caused depopulation, • volatile land market and • unstable trade = ex. Burgundy • Gov’t efforts such as • price controls were • ineffective = ex. Edward II • Scapegoated Jews, lepers, • and the wealthy = ex. poison wells Society changes due to pop decreases.. Trade suffers..

3. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

4. The Black Death • Genoese ships brought plague to Messina, Italy from Caffa in Crimea in 1347, then spread rapidly throughout Europe!

6. The Black Death • Genoese ships brought plague to Messina, Italy from Caffa in Crimea in 1347, then spread rapidly throughout Europe! • Pathology and care: • fleas on black rats carried the bacillus to livestock, peasants infected when came into contact with livestock. • poor sanitary conditions drew rats.. • symptoms included boils, bleeding under the skin.. • Septicemia = from infected blood… • Pneumonic = from another person, coughing… • Bubonic = from actual flea bite…

7. The Culprits

8. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s stomach. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s stomach cloggedwith bacteria.

9. The Symptoms Bubous Septicemia Form:almost 100% mortality rate.

10. The Black Death • Genoese ships brought plague to Messina, Italy from Caffa in Crimea in 1347, then spread rapidly throughout Europe! • Pathology and care: • fleas on black rats carried the bacillus to livestock.. • poor sanitary conditions drew rats.. • symptoms included boils, bleeding under the skin.. • Septicemia = from infected blood… • Pneumonic = from another person, coughing… • Bubonic = from actual flea bite… • Medieval doctors had no way of treating the plague • Boccaccio’s Decameron(read Master Chappellet portion)

11. Boccaccio inThe Decameron “The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.”

12. The Black Death • Genoese ships brought plague to Messina, Italy from Caffa in Crimea in 1347, then spread rapidly throughout Europe! • Pathology and care: • fleas on black rats carried the bacillus to livestock.. • poor sanitary conditions drew rats.. • symptoms included boils, bleeding under the skin.. • Septicemia = from infected blood… • Pneumonic = from another person, coughing… • Bubonic = from actual flea bite… • Medieval doctors had no way of treating the plague • Boccaccio’s Decameron(read Master Chappellet portion) • Deaths mostly concentrated cities, England and Italy (Florence) hardest hit in the west, Poland, Balkans, Russia in east.

13. Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!

14. Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death.

15. Attempts to Stopthe Plague Plague Banner A Doctor’s Robe “Leeching”

16. Attempts to Stopthe Plague Flagellants:Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

17. The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!!

18. Consequences of the Black Death ? • Priests often took great risks to minister to the sick, and as a result had a high mortality rate = the Church had to allow unorthodox measures= opening the door for the Reformation a century later! • However, in rural areas, seigneurial prosperity (feudal landlords) remained high likely due to the overpopulation in the 14th century. • In Urban areas, labor became more expensive and benefited artisansas well as forcing guilds to accept new members in this “Age of New Men”. • Decline in production led to inflation of prices, but with higher wages most people enjoyed a higher standard of living. • Caused pessimism, religious fanaticism (flagellants), and suspicion of strangers. • New colleges such as Cambridge and Oxford were established to deal with shortage of priests.

19. Boccaccio inThe Decameron • Read additional excerpts from The Decameron and note any observations the piece makes about European society of the day. • The plague was used as a symbol for the direction of society of the time. • Story acts as a “mirror” of the vices and virtues of the day. • Common targets included hypocrisy, superstitions and gullibility of people. • Story also suggests the mixing of different social classes will be a new social trend.