The New Imperialism

1. The New Imperialism A Carousel Follow-Up

2. EUROPEAN CHALLENGES TO THE MUSLIM WORLD • THE LARGEST MUSLIM EMPIRE WAS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WHICH STRETCHED ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, AND PART OF EASTERN EUROPE.

3. RELIGIOUS CONFLICT FURTHER COMPLICATES THINGS… • IN THE 1890s, TURKISH MUSLIMS ACCUSED CHRISTIAN ARMENIANS OF SUPPORTING PLANS AGAINST THE EMPIRE. THE TURKS KILLED TENS OF THOUSANDS OF ARMENIANS. EUROPE WATCHED THE EMPIRE CRUMBLE WITH BRITAIN, FRANCE, GERMANY, AND RUSSIA ALL HOPING TO GAIN CONTROL!

4. DON’T FORGET THE SUEZ CANAL AND OIL!!! • BRITAIN GAINED CONTROL OF THE SUEZ CANAL IN 1875. • IN 1882, EGYPT BECAME A BRITISH PROTECTORATE. • RUSSIA AND BRITAIN GAINED SOME POWER IN IRAN. IN THE EARLY 1900s, THE DISCOVERY OF OIL INTENSIFIED IMPERIALIST EFFORTS.

5. THE BRITISH TAKE OVER INDIA • COLONIZED IN 1858. • INTRODUCED IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY. • ETHNOCENTRISM AGGRAVATED TENSIONS. • BY THE LATE 1800s, WESTERN-EDUCATED INDIANS WERE SPEARHEADING A NATIONALIST MOVEMENT.

6. INDIAN NATIONALISM… • INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS • MOSTLY WELL-EDUCATED HINDUS • SUPPORTED WESTERN-STYLE MODERNIZATION • WANTED SELF-RULE

7. MUSLIM LEAGUE • FORMED AFTER / A REACTION TO THE INC • WANTED INDEPENDENCE AND A SEPARATE MUSLIM STATE (PARTITION) • KEY LEADER: MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH

8. INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT • 1947 • INDEPENDENCE ON THE CONDITION OF PARTITION

9. CHINA • FOR CENTURIES, CHINA ENJOYED A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE. • DURING THE LATE 1700s, BRITISH MERCHANTS ARRIVE DETERMINED TO CHANGE THE STATUS QUO. • 1839: OPIUM WAR BROK OUT. • 1842: TREATY OF NANJING • “TO THE VICTOR GOES THE SPOILS” • RECEIVED A HUGE INDEMNITY • GAINED CONTROL OF HONG KONG UNTIL THE LATE 1990s • GRANTED EXTRATERRITORIALITY • WAS THE FIRST OF MANY UNEQUAL TREATIES

10. CHINA: FURTHERIMPERIALIST VICTIMIZATION… • 1868: CHINA LOST TAIWAN AND KOREA TO JAPAN • NOT ALL IMPERIALIST POWERS WERE EUROPEAN…

11. JAPAN • MEIJI PERIOD: 1868 – 1912 • MEIJI MEANS “ENLIGHTENED RULE” • MOTTO: “ A RICH COUNTRY, A STRONG MILITARY.” *MODERNIZATION OF MILITARY, INDUSTRY, & BUSINESS • HOMOGENEOUS SOCIETY • DETERMINATION TO RESIST FOREIGN RULE

12. JAPAN • AS WITH WESTERN INDUSTRIAL POWERS, JAPAN’S ECONOMIC NEEDS FED ITS IMPERIALISTIC DESIRES. • 1894: WON THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR – GAINED TAIWAN. • 1904: RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR – JAPAN BEATS RUSSIA: • 1ST TIME IN MODERN HISTORY THAT AN ASIAN POWER DEFEATED A EUROPEAN ONE. • ANNEXED KOREA

13. JAPAN • BY THE EARLY 1900s, JAPAN WAS THE STRONGEST ASIAN POWER. • SETTING AN EVENTUAL COLLISION COURSE WITH THE UNITED STATES… • TAKE A LOOK AT WHAT THE NEXT HALF A CENTURY WILL LOOK LIKE =>

14. LOOKING AHEADJAPAN IN 1942….