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Advancements in Cellular Technology: 3G to 4G Evolution

Explore the journey from 3G to 4G networks, covering standards, improvements, security, interoperability, and the transition towards advanced technologies like LTE and WiMax.

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Advancements in Cellular Technology: 3G to 4G Evolution

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  1. 3G Networks IS 373 James Grate 1

  2. Cellular Standards • “Generations” • Early • 1G – analog, for voice only • 2G – digital, for voice • Converts analog into digital before modulating and transmitting • Most cellular providers currently use this technology • Now • Change in the needs of communication 2

  3. Evolution from 2G to 3G • GPRS • Best-effort packet switched service used for data transfer. • Provides data rates from 56 kbps up to 114 kbps. • EDGE • Evolved from GPRS. • Can be used for packet switched applications. 3

  4. Introduction of 3G • Created by NTT docomo. • Commercially launch on Oct 1, 2001 in Japan. • Commercially released by major US service provider Verizon Wireless in Oct 2003. • Based on ITU standards, primarily IMT-2000. 4

  5. 3G Improvements • Basic telephone with data communication • Higher speeds • 144kbps to 348 kbps at driving speeds • 384 kbps outside when still or slow • 2Mbps to 14.4Mbps while or inside 5

  6. 3G Standards • 6 Air/Radio Interfaces • W-CDMA • CDMA 2000 • TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA • EDGE • DECT • WiMax 6

  7. Composition of 3G Networks • Layered Network • Top: Service Layer • Middle: Control Layer • Bottom: Connectivity Layer 7

  8. Privacy and Security • User Authentication • Network Authentication • Device Authentication • Data Monitoring • End to End

  9. Reliability and Robustness • Cost of Service & Phones. • Different Service Standards and Costs. • Cost vs. Revenue. • Lack of Mobile Users. • International Obstacles. 9

  10. Interoperability and Support • 3G Enabled Devices • 3G Networks • The Standard (IMT-2000) • ITU and Member Support • National Members • ITU • Carriers

  11. Maintainability and Ease of Use • 3G Enabled Devices • 3G Networks • The Standard (IMT-2000)

  12. 4G • Technology that allows you to connect anywhere • Automatic access technology switches while maintaining TCP connections • System support for voice and video over IP 12

  13. 4G Possibilities Competitors for 4G • Long-Term Evolution (LTE) • 4G path for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (W-CDMA/UMTS) • Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) • 4G path for CDMA2000 operators • IEEE 802.16m • WiMax All based on… OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) designed for 100+Mbps in wide-area mobile apps 13

  14. Progressing to 4G • HSDPA/HSUPA • High-Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access • “3.5G” – considered so because of high speeds • WiMax • Some say this can also be 4G (Sprint) • With OFDMA, this is faster than other ways of connecting in 3G 14

  15. 4G Requirements • High Quality of Service (QoS) • Video and other services require this • IP/MPLS can be used to guarantee this • Spectrum • 4G requires 20MHz or more in a swath of spectrum • Limited, mobile communications already have allocated spectrum! 15

  16. 4G Spectrum • 700 Mhz band • Benefit • 60% fewer cell sites • Downside • More customers = More $ • New frequency? New handsets/devices! • US Federal Communications Commission • Part of the band has been set aside for public safety priority access 16

  17. 4G Implementation • New, all-IP network • LTE • MIMO- Multiple Input Multiple Output • Higher data rates with multiple antennas • More reliability • CDMA supporters (Verizon) may switch • Pseudo wires • 60% less expensive then TDM or ATM per bit 17

  18. 4G Conclusion • Until 4G is officially defined, the idea behind it is to predict what end users want • Knowing that, networks need to be able to deliver the desired services in high quality. 18

  19. References • Kurose, James F. and Keith W. Ross. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2005. • Luna, Lynnette. "The Long Road to 4G." Telephony (11 Dec. 2007): 12-18. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28053259&site=ehost-live>. • THRYFT, ANN. "3G WIRELESS DATA: about to break?." EDN 53.23 (13 Nov. 2008): 40-48. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009 <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35457796&site=ehost-live>. • Kaplan, Peter. “Verizon and AT&T dominate airwaves auction.” Reuters. 20 March 2008. 3 May 2009 <http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSN2042023420080320?feedType=RSS&feedName=technologyNews> 19

  20. Questions? 20

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