Civil War Odds and Ends

1. Civil War Odds and Ends

2. New Wartime Strategies • Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus • Court order requiring authorities to bring a person held in jail before a court to explain why • Conscription: institution of a draft • Sherman introduces Total War to the Southeast

3. Total War and Sherman’s March • Total War: the belief that it is necessary to fight armies and government, but civilian population as well • Grant and Sherman simultaneously applied these tactics in VA and GA • Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea, burning towns and destroying rail lines along the way • Churchill called Sherman the “first modern general”

5. African Americans During Wartime • Allowed to enlist after the E.P. was issued • Made up 1% of pop., 10% of Union Army • African Americans still faced discrimination in army • Much higher mortality rate than white soldiers • Slave resistance in the South gradually weakened the plantation system

6. Economic Effects North South Decline of plantation system Food shortage Women and children starved Union blockade largely responsible • Largely positive impact • Wool, coal, steel, and other industries boomed • Change in the work force • Blacks, women, immigrants • War effort led to institution of first income tax

7. Women and Medicine • U.S. Sanitary Commission founded at start of war • Dorothea Dix named first superintendent of women nurses • 3,000 women nurses served • Clara Barton called “angel of the battlefield” • Eventually founded the American Red Cross