Building Systems: A Workshop for IT Professionals

1. Building Systems: A Workshop for IT Professionals How buildings operate Sean Kennedy – VP Integration Services, Voyant Solutions Jeff Bredeson – VP Regulated Environments, Voyant Solutions

2. Agenda and Topics • The Mechanics of Buildings • HVAC Control Systems • 10 minute break • Access Control Systems • CCTV/Security • Lighting Systems • 10 minute break • System Integration • Energy Management • Building Automation Industry

3. Penthouse Mech Systems System Integration Control Room BMS Front Door Access Cntl Elec Room Lighting Energy Mgmt Security CCTV

4. The Mechanics of the Building (HVAC) Penthouse Mech Systems

5. Building Mechanicals • Function – components of the mechanical systems work together to handle the HVAC needs of the building or process • Types • Boilers • Chillers • Cooling Towers • Air Handling Units • Air Distribution/Variable Air Volume (VAV) • Packaged Equipment

6. Boilers • Function – provides hot water or steam for heating the building or for process needs • Types • Fire Tube • Water Tube • Modular

7. Chillers • Function – provides chilled water for cooling the building or for process needs • Types • Centrifugal • Screw • Reciprocating • Absorption

8. Cooling Towers • Function – moves heat from the process water that was extracted from the building or process out of the building or process • Types

9. Air Handling Units • Function – conditions air (heats, cools, humidifies, dehumidifies) for distribution around the building • Types • Packaged Units • Built-up Air Handlers • Constant Volume • Variable Volume

10. Air Distribution & VAV • Function – delivers conditioned air (from the AHU) to spaces in need (based on a call from a sensor) • Types/components • Plenum • Ductwork • Terminal Boxes • Diffusers

11. Packaged Equipment • Function – Air Handling Units that have been packaged for sale based on industry demand • Types • Roof Top Units • Split Systems • Unit Ventilators • Heat Pumps Warehouse Home

12. HVAC Control Systems Control Room BMS

13. History of Controls • Function – automates the functions of the mechanical equipment which reduces human interaction and energy consumption • Types • Mechanical Controls • Pneumatic Controls • Electric Controls • Direct Digital Controls • HMI and Graphics

14. Mechanical Control • Function – relied upon human interaction to control the Manual Valves and Dampers that controlled air and water flow • History • First type of control system • 1800’s-1930’s

15. Pneumatic Control • Function – used distributed, pressurized air to automatically open and close the dampers and actuators that controlled the flow of air and water in a building • History • Big advancement from mechanical controls • State of the Art in 1930’s • Still used today (explosion proof areas, older buildings) • Disadvantages • No monitoring capability • No centralized control • Pneumatic systems are hard to maintain • Used more in process than HVAC apps

16. Electric Control • Function – used voltage signals (0-10Vdc) to control mechanical devices in the building • History • Developed in 1960’s • Very popular for a short period (1960’s-1970’s) • Example = Invensys System 8000 • Advantages – more maintainable (no compressors) • Disadvantages – not networkable = no central monitoring or control

17. Direct Digital Controls • Function – creates a network of embedded computers that use digital signals (1’s and 0’s), sent over proprietary and/or open networks, as messages to initiate control through electric or pneumatic operators • History • 1980’s to present • OEM’s created their own proprietary protocols • Some still use • JCI • N1 – proprietary TCP/IP • N2 – published RS-485 • Invensys • NW8000 – proprietary TCP/IP, RS-485 • DMS – proprietary TCP/IP, RS-485 • Siemens Building Technology • Apogee – proprietary TCP/IP, RS-485

18. Sell the Sizzle • Function – uses computerized graphical images to allow the operator to monitor, control and troubleshoot the building from a central location • History • Developed for DDC Systems • Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Human Machine Interface (HMI) • Started as proprietary software for use with specific systems • Open Systems are changing HMI market • Initially all GUIs and HMI were thick client applications • Thin Client – hosted application that uses the web or intranet as a means of distributing graphics and data Home Telecom

19. Intermission Let’s take a 10 minute break

20. Access Control Systems Front Door Access Cntl

21. Who is in Your Building?? • Function – allows the building occupant to know who is in the building and prevent building access to any unwanted or uninvited people • Access control systems • Portal control and hardware • History • Keyed Doors • Manned Security • Digital Controls

22. Access Control Systems • Access Control Functions • Human Inventory • Asset Protection • HR Implications (ease of adding/removing badges) • Traffic Flow Control • Access-initiated HVAC Control

23. Portal Control • Doors • Gates • Turnstiles School Home

24. CCTV/Security Security CCTV

25. Personnel & Asset Protection • Cameras • Digital Video Recorders (DVR) • Video Distribution Home Security

26. Lighting Systems Elec Room Lighting

27. Lighting the Way • Lighting for Function • Lighting for Productivity • Business Implications of Lighting • Energy Implications of Lighting

28. Lighting for Function • Task Lighting • Switched on based on demand • Not typically scheduled • Can be motion controlled • Examples • Desk Lights

29. Lighting for Productivity • Good lighting schemes promote Good Productivity • Natural sunlight • Reduces building energy spend • Improves productivity • Improves environment for building occupants

30. Business Implications • Increased productivity of workforce = increased efficiency • Decreased energy costs = increased bottom line • Healthier environment = reduced sick time

31. Energy Implications • Lighting can be very expensive • Talk about % cost reduction by correcting lighting issues • New technology • T-8/12 • Dimmable ballasts • LonWorks • Scheduling • Monitoring • Load Shedding Home School

32. Intermission Let’s take a 10 minute break

33. Systems Integration System Integration

34. Making Buildings Talk • Systems Integration (BMS, ACS, CCTV, Lighting) • Building Integration • Campus • Multi-site • IT Integration • LAN • MAN • WAN

35. LonWorks BMS TAC Voyant Distech Honeywell Access Control Circon CCTV/Security Dina Lighting Control Hubble Leviton BACNet BMS Alerton Automated Logic Trane Access Control ???? CCTV/Security Lighting Control ???? Systems Integration Open Systems - Why have 5 different systems that don’t communicate?

36. Building Integration • Making diverse systems in multi-building and campus environments communicate • Best example = Public Sector • Campus built over time • Systems installed by lowest bidder • Results in – multiple systems that do not communicate

37. Integration Solutions • Thick Client Orientated Systems • Web-Based Systems • Web Services • oBIX

38. IT Integration • Integrating the building systems into the overall IT infrastructure = IT Convergence • Database Integration • ERP/Business Framework Integration • XML Home Offices

39. Energy Management Energy Mgmt

40. Focus on Green • Reasons for Energy Management • Conserve natural resources • Save money • Enabling Energy Management through effective building control • Components of Energy Management • Data Acquisition • Data Loggers • Meters/submeters • AMR

41. Energy Management Components • Integrated systems and buildings • Allows data aggregation for volume leveraging • Enables proper energy monitoring and reporting • Functional Metering • Divide the loads based on functional operation • Enables load shedding decisions to be made • Energy Management Software • Pulls energy data to single database • Enables good decision making Home Plexus

42. Energy Mgmt Tools Things to Look For: Scalability Reporting Capability Flexibility

43. Building Controls Industry

44. The Players and the Process • Owners • Building Managers • Architects • Engineers • General Contractors • Construction Managers • Mechanical Contractors • Electrical Contractors • Controls Contractors • System Integrators

45. Follow the Money

46. Sales Approaches/Processes • Bid/Spec • Division 15, 16, 17 • Design/Build • Negotiated • Performance Contracting • Direct to Owner • Service Contracts • FMSI

47. Specification • Traditional new construction approach • Owner-Arch-Engineer • Engineer Specifies Systems • Engineer Enforces Specification • Results in Low Bidder Winning Job • Creates Adversarial Relationships • Can Be Done in a Design/Build Approach

48. Performance Contracting • Guaranteed PC • Energy Audit and Analysis • Savings determination = ROI • Savings guarantee • Financing • Popular in Public Sector • Request for Proposal • Non-guaranteed PC • Energy Audit and Analysis • Financing • No guaranteed savings = ROI • Popular in Private Sector/Direct to Owner

49. FMSI

50. Penthouse Mech Systems System Integration Control Room BMS Front Door Access Cntl Elec Room Lighting Energy Mgmt Security CCTV