Explain how the situation in Korea became the Korean War, the first military conflict of the Cold War. Describe how the

1. Objectives • Explain how the situation in Korea became the Korean War, the first military conflict of the Cold War. • Describe how the Korean War ended. • Explain how the Cold War led to a Red Scare in the United States.

2. Terms and People • stalemate – a situation in which neither side wins • demilitarized zone – an area which neither side controls • Joseph McCarthy – Wisconsin Senator who built his career by threatening to expose Communists • censure – to condemn

3. How did the United States respond to the invasion of Korea and its aftermath? In 1950, the Cold War suddenly turned hot in the East Asian nation of Korea. As American soldiers fought in the Korean War, other Americans hunted for Communists in America.

4. Before World War II, Japan had occupied Korea. After the war, Korea was divided. Communist, backed by the Soviet Union Non-Communist, backed by the United States On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Korea.

5. President Truman responded quickly to the attack on South Korea. He appointed World War II hero General Douglas MacArthurto lead the force. He urged the UN Security Councilto send a military force to Korea. Sixteen nationsagreed to send troops, but 90 percentof the force would be American.

6. The first UN forces to arrive were badly outnumbered and poorly supplied. They were pushed backto the southern tip of South Korea. As fresh troops and supplies arrived, they were able to hold their ground.

7. In September, General MacArthur launched a bold counterattack. UN forces attacked at Inchon and pushed the North Koreans back across the border. They pursued the North Koreans almost to the Yalu River on the border of China.

8. China’s government was threatenedas UN forces neared the Yalu River. Masses of Chinese soldiers crossed the border and attacked. UN troops were pushed back to South Korea.

9. The war in South Korea quickly settled into a stalemate.Neither side could win. General MacArthur argued that the UN must attack China to win the war. Truman disagreed. This conflict led him to fire MacArthur.

10. Peace talks began in July 1951 and lasted for two years. Meanwhile, the fighting continued. A cease-fire finally ended the fighting in July 1953. Both sides established a demilitarized zone, which still exists today.

11. The Korean War had an enormous impact on Korea, America, and other UN nations. Tensions between North and South Korea continue today.

12. The failure to win a decisive victory in Korea added to Americans’ fears about Communism. Are Communist spies secretly working to overthrow the U.S. government? Will the United States ever defeat communism?

13. In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee led an investigation to find Communists. Cartoons like this one criticized the committee’s methods. The car is a symbol for the committee. The committee “ran over” anyone in its way.

14. Two spying cases seized public attention. Alger Hiss, a former State Department official, was accused of passing secretsto Soviet agents. Julius and Ethel Rosenbergwere accused of giving the secret of the atomic bombto the Soviets. Hiss never served jail time for spying. They were found guilty and executedin 1953.

15. The climate of fear also led to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin. In 1950, McCarthy accused many members of the U.S. State Department of being Communists. Over the next four years, he held a series of Senate hearings. Senator Joseph McCarthy

16. In 1954, a series of events brought about McCarthy’s downfall and the end of the Communist scare. McCarthy publicly made false accusations against the U.S. Army. He lost most of his following. The Senate voted to censure him. The Communist scarewas mostly finished.

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