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Quickest Recap Ever

This concise overview outlines the Civil War and Reconstruction era, highlighting the Union's advantages in resources and technology, the Confederacy's military strengths, and pivotal moments such as Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Key battles and strategies are discussed, along with the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, which established civil rights and voting rights for African Americans. The struggles of Reconstruction, the rise of black codes, the impact of the Ku Klux Klan, and the eventual end of Reconstruction are also examined, emphasizing their long-term effects on American society.

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Quickest Recap Ever

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  1. Quickest Recap Ever Civil War and Reconstruction

  2. The Union • The Union, North, had lots of resources, large population • Took advantage of technology and the railroad system • Could better feed and arm their soldiers • Large immigrant labor source

  3. The Confederacy • The Confederacy, South, had a strong military history and had “Home” team advantage • Did not take advantage of technology or use of railroads

  4. And so it begins… • South secedes from the North over issues of slavery, states’ rights, the election of Abraham Lincoln and the economy

  5. Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln frees the slaves in all rebel states as of Jan. 1, 1863 • This military decree did not apply to slaves in loyal border states • He hoped the proclamation would convince some southern states to surrender by Jan. 1

  6. Southern Army Falters • Union wins several battles including Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Port Hudson • Union employs a total-war strategy in which they looted supplies along the way to Savannah, GA and destroyed anything of value along their path • This strategy was devastating to the Confederates

  7. Lee Surrenders • The Confederates can’t break the siege of Petersburg • Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, VA

  8. 13th Amendment • This amendment is posed to Congress before Lincoln’s assassination (April14, 1865) • It outlaws slavery in all U.S. states

  9. Reconstruction • Southern lands and economy was in shambles • How to rebuild became a big debate • Trials for treason? • Who had the power to set the plan in action • Nothing in the Constitution about secession or readmission • What about the former slaves?

  10. Differing Plans • 10% plan • Radical Republicans pass Wade-Davis Bill requiring a majority of voters to swear loyalty to Union in order to restore government • Andrew Johnson is lenient and offers pardons • Each state must ratify the 13th Amendment

  11. Black Codes • By Dec. 1865 most Confederate states had met Johnson’s readmission requirements • Many southern states still limited the rights of Black Americans • Black codes- laws that tried to limit rights of African Americans • Some restrictions were placed on employment, land ownership, voting, and even vagrancy laws

  12. Congress investigates the treatment of freed men and allows Freedman’s Bureau to continue its work • Proposes 14th Amendment which will guarantee equal protection under the law for all • States caught disregarding amendment could lose seats in Congress

  13. 15th Amendment • Under the 15th Amendment, former slaves and all African American men the right to vote • 14th and 15th were ratified in 1870 • (many states found loop holes and instituted voting restrictions based on literacy or property qualifications)

  14. Education • During Reconstruction, many southern states wanted to rebuild their education but they did so with segregated schools • At this time, only radical Republicans suggested integration of schools • Freedman’s Bureau set up schools for former slaves • Many former slaves saw the value in education so they could try to vote and get better jobs

  15. Rebuilding Economy • Sharecropping • Landowner tells the sharecropper what to grow and provides them with the seeds and tools as well as a place to live • Landowner then receives a portion of the harvested crop • Sharecroppers were usually in debt to the landowner who was usually in debt to his supplier of tools

  16. Rebuilding Economy • Tenant farming • Tenant paid cash to a landowner and was able to choose and maintain his own crop, they would also be able to choose where they lived

  17. Ku Klux Klan • Formed in Tennessee • Burned Black schools, churches and other symbols of freedoms • They also tried to intimidate black people so they wouldn’t vote—it often worked • Enforcement Acts passed by Congress made it illegal to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote

  18. Reconstruction Ends • Radical Republicans lose support after failing to impeach President Johnson • People turn attention toward reforming government and the economy • Troops withdrawn from the South by beginning of 1871 • 1872 the Freedman’s Bureau dissolved • Compromise of 1877Rutherford B. Hayes is elected president and the remaining federal troops are removed from the South

  19. Effects on population • Blacks have right to vote • Women’s suffrage becomes a popular topic • Democratic Party dominated the south • Republican Party becomes the party of big business

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