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Total Recall

This research project conducted by Hannah Pohlmann from the Academy of Notre Dame de Namur explores how various environmental factors and age impact memory retention. The study examines the effects of distractions, such as noise and visual stimuli, on the ability to memorize words by testing different age groups under various conditions. Findings reveal that teenagers generally perform better in quiet environments, while younger children and adults show varying results when exposed to distractions. The implications of these findings stress the importance of creating optimal study environments to enhance memory recall.

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Total Recall

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  1. Hannah Pohlmann Grade 9 Academy of Notre Dame de Namur Total Recall

  2. Problem • Does one’s environment and age affect how well they study/memorize?

  3. Research • Today: • January 25th 2011

  4. Research • Memory in General • Short-term (used in this experiment) • Part of brain is the hippocampus, which is located inside the temporal lobes • Things remembered (such as words) and then quickly forgotten • Easily disrupted • Information is converted into long-term from short term • Amnesia if there isn’t enough time to convert

  5. Research • Effects of Distraction on Memory–Tyler Jewett • Hypothesized that “the ability to recall words decreased as distraction increased” • Tested subjects by giving them a list of 20 simple 4-5 letter words • Given 1 minute to memorize • Sat in silence for 2 minutes • Then wrote down all remembered words in 2 minutes • Second time, the researcher read from the U.S. constitution during the memorization time • During the 2 minutes between and the two minutes of recall, the researcher continued to read from the constitution • Ability to ignore increases with age • Two test for adults and children • Adults did about the same but children did worse with a distraction • ADHD processes the same but cannot remember as well • Students scored higher on single-task vs. duel-task tests

  6. Research • CBS and Oxford • Do social factors and age affect memory? • Memory/ Cognitive function is affected by lifestyle, family and other relationships, and a person’s feeling of control over their life • The young, healthy, educated, and people who feel they have control over their life did the best • Most memory is based in confidence

  7. Research • WSJ and Wiley Online Library • Study involving 5 different music conditions • Memorized letter sequences • Music and random digits hampered results • Preference made no difference • Did better with repeated digit and silence

  8. Research • Philly. Com • Hearing half of a conversation distracts much more than a whole conversation • Followed dots and clicked on letters under both conditions • With letters there was 10% drop in corrects • Not words but the random occurrences that distract

  9. Research • Science Direct • School near elevated train • Loud side of the building scored lower on reading skills • Insulated ceilings and walls were installed and both sides scored the same

  10. Research • Access Excellence-Brenda Brown • Similar to my project • Light v. dark, cold, music • The researcher starts listing three words and adds a word each time until the subject cannot remember anymore

  11. Hypothesis • If one’s environment and age changes, then how well they study or memorize will change too.

  12. Materials • Stopwatch • Informed consent permission slips • Volunteers • Lists of words • Music • TV • Chairs • Quiet rooms • Blank paper

  13. Procedure • Wrote up 4 different lists of 30 words • Found 15 (or more) volunteers • Had volunteers memorize words for 2 minutes under different conditions • Using a different list every time • After each 2 minute interval, saw how many words the volunteers remember • Giving them 2-3 minutes to recall what they memorized and write it down on provided paper • Correct list • Checking for error and or any patterns in memorization • Compared results to see how the volunteers were affected

  14. Data (Environment)

  15. Data (Environment)

  16. Data (Environment)

  17. Data (Age)

  18. Data (Age)

  19. Data (Age)

  20. Data (Age)

  21. Conclusion • Teens are the best • Teens and children were not effected by environment • TV effected adults • Quiet and Music-teens are better than children but children and adults are the same • TV-Teens are best • In a quiet, comfortable environment all ages were the same • Supports hypothesis • Results may have differed with a larger study • Subjects also got tired as the tests continued

  22. Thanks to: • Those listening, Teachers, Parents, and the following websites: • Avril, Tom. "Half a conversation is worse than none." Philly.com. Philly.com, 27      Sept. 2010. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://articles.philly.com/2010-09-27/      news/24978825_1_task-conversation-dot>. • Bronzaft, Arline L. "The effect of a noise abatement program on reading      ability." ScienceDirect. Elsevier, 8 July 2005. Web. 26 Jan. 2011.      <http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJ8-4GK8NN5-3&_user=10&_coverDate=09/30/      1981&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ac     ct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=4a87cdf73e7c1868fc12ad5281f      a10e3&searchtype=a>. • Brown, Brenda. "Effects of Environment on Memory." Access Excellence . National      Health Musem, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://www.accessexcellence.org/      AE/AEC/AEF/1996/brown_memory.php>. • Jewett, Tyler. "Effects of Distraction on Memory." Associated Content. Yahoo, 26      Nov. 2008. Web. 1 Feb. 2011. <http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/      1222108/effects_of_distraction_on_memory.html?cat=72>.

  23. Thanks To: • Perham, Nick, and Joanne Vizard. "Can preference for background music mediate      the irrelevant sound effect?" Wiely Online Library. JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.,      2010. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/      acp.1731/abstract>. • Scott, Jerry. "Zits." Comic strip. chron. The Houston Chronicle, 25 Jan. 2011.      Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://www.chron.com/apps/comics/ showComick.mpl?date=20110125&name=Zits>. • Singer-Vine, Jeremy. "Music Impairs Certain Acts of Memorization." The Wall Street Journal 9 Aug. 2010: 1. The Wall Street Journal. Web. 26 Jan. 2011.      <http://online.wsj.com/article/      SB10001424052748703988304575413231864435268.html?mod=WSJ_hps_sections_health#arti     cleTabs%3Darticle>. • Stevens, Fred C.J., et al. "How ageing and social factors affect memory." CBS MoneyWatch.com. CBS Interactive Inc., July 1999. Web. 1 Feb. 2011.      <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2459/is_4_28/ai_55450324/pg_6/      ?tag=content;col1>.

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