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Digestive and Lymphatic Systems. By: Kasha, Mackenzie, and Sophie. Description. Lymphatic: Made up of organs, ducts, and nodes. Digestive: Includes all organs of digestion and manages excretion of waste. Digestive Organs, Tissues, and Cells. Mouth-opening through which we take in food
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Digestive and Lymphatic Systems By: Kasha, Mackenzie, and Sophie
Description • Lymphatic: • Made up of organs, ducts, and nodes • Digestive: • Includes all organs of digestion and manages excretion of waste
Digestive Organs, Tissues, and Cells • Mouth-opening through which we take in food • Tongue-movable organ in bottom of mouth • Teeth-tears down food • Salivary Glands-exocrine glands that secrete saliva • Pharynx-connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus • Esophagus-muscular passage connecting the mouth or pharynx with the stomach • Stomach-organ for storing, diluting, and digesting food • Liver-large, reddish-brown, glandular organ located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity • Gallbladder-membranous muscular sac in which bile from the liver is stored • Small Intestine-digest and absorb nutrients • Pancreas-secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin • Large Intestine-absorbs water from and eliminates the residues of digestion • Rectum-straight, terminal section of the intestine, ending in the anus • Anus-the opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal, through which the solid refuse of digestion is excreted
Lymphatic Organs, Tissues, and Cells • Pituitary Gland- gland at the base of the brain that secretes hormones • Thyroid and Parathyroid-endocrine glands found on the neck • Thymus-organ that helps the immune system • Breasts-glands that are stimulated by hormones to produce milk • Adrenals-endocrine glands near the top of the kidneys • Islets of Langerhans-regions of the pancreas that contain endorphins • Testes-produce the male hormone, testosterone • Ovaries-produce the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone
Function • Takes care of food consumption, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and the removal of solid waste • Transports the extra fluid and proteins from the tissue to the blood stream • Protects the body against antigens (viruses, bacteria, etc.) through the immune cells called lymphocytes Digestive Lymphatic
Digestive Disorders: Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa • Refuse to eat b/c they want to be thin • Occurs most often in adolescents and young adults • Produces many health problems • Obesity • Often the result of over eating • May have hereditary defect • Factor of heart disease and diabetes • Classified into 3 levels • 1. Overweight-less than 20% over an individual’s ideal body weight • 2. Obese-20% over an individual’s ideal body weight • 3. Morbid obesity-100 lbs over an individual’s ideal body weight; a severe threat to health and life • Bulimia Nervosa • Disorders involving bringing on food and then purposefully purging or vomiting as a way to lose weight • Occurs in adolescents and young adults • Produces many health problems
Digestive Disorders: Apendicitis • Inflammation of the appendix caused when gastric substances leak into it from the duodenum • Includes abdominal pain, constipation, fever and an elevated while blood cell count • Surgery is required to prevent the appendix from bursting
Digestive Disorders: Ulcerative Colitis • Chronic type of inflammatory bowel disease with recurring ulcers and inflammation of the large intestine • Symptoms may include: cramping, abdominal pain, and diarrhea • Similar to Crohn’s disease (affects both small and large intestine) • Sometimes includes the production of abnormal openings in tissue walls • Often associated with stress • Usually treated with medication
Lymphatic Disorders: AIDS • caused by HIV – virus spread by sexual contact, exchange of body fluids or intravenous exposure • clients are subject to a number of infections that take hold because of the lowered immune response-known as “opportunistic” infections and may be present in a number of body systems • infections may affect the entire body with diseases such as herpes, candidiasis, skin cancer in the form of Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumonia • is a sexually transmitted disease and has been considered to be fatal but advancements in technology have made it possible to prolong the life of AIDS victims • “cocktail” of anti-HIV drugs, a potential AIDS vaccine and other drug compounds are being developed and refined
Lymphatic Disorders:Lymphoma • Cancer of the lymph nodes • Relatively common cancer with high cure rates • Two most common types are Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma • Hodgkin’s disease – lymph cancer of uncertain origin that generally appears in early adulthood • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma – cancer of lymph nodes with some cells resembling healthy cells and spreading in a diffuse pattern; usually appears in midlife • Depending on how far the disease has spread, both types can usually be arrested with chemotherapy and radiation • Surgery in the form of bone marrow transplant is also useful with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymphatic Disorders:Infectious Mononucleosis • Also called mono and “kissing disease” • Highly contagious • Common in teenagers and young adults • Associated with Epstein-Barr virus • Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, sore throat, fever, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen • Treated with plenty of rest, fluids and pain medication • Usually transmitted through mouth-to-mouth contact when kissing, sharing drinks and sharing eating utensils
Abbreviations Digestive: • GI – gastrointestinal • EGD – esophagogastroduodenoscopy • NPO – nothing by mouth • NG – nasogastric • TPN – total parenteral nutrition Lymphatic: • AIDS – acquired immune-deficiency syndrome • HD – Hodgkin’s disease • HIV – human immuno-deficiency virus • CMV – cytomegalovirus • HSV – herpes simplex virus