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Cloud Computing: Towards Virtualized Service Platforms

Cloud Computing: Towards Virtualized Service Platforms. Karim Djemame. Outline. Towards a Definition of Cloud Computing Grids and Clouds Example of a Cloud Architecture Cloud computing - Research Questions The Service Oriented Infrastructure Equation Interoperability Dependability

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Cloud Computing: Towards Virtualized Service Platforms

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  1. Cloud Computing:Towards Virtualized Service Platforms Karim Djemame

  2. Outline • Towards a Definition of Cloud Computing • Grids and Clouds • Example of a Cloud Architecture • Cloud computing - Research Questions • The Service Oriented Infrastructure Equation • Interoperability • Dependability • Conclusion

  3. Towards a Definition of Cloud Computing

  4. Just to start … “Five computers” • "I think there is a world market for about five computers" — Remark attributed to Thomas J. Watson (Chairman of the Board of International Business Machines) – 1943

  5. Medium/Long Term Context • Future internet of services • World without computers at home and at work • World with virtual computers/networks • Various devices used to connect to the future internet of services (e.g. only TV or iPhone and network) • Change • No more maintenance of IT infrastructure and Applications/Data for users, • But, • Data is no longer on « your » computer • Applications are no longer on « your » computer Exploring Cloud Computing

  6. Cloud computing – a Definition • Towards a definition of cloud computing • A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition. Luis M. Vaquero et al. (January 2009) provides 22 different definitions • Cloud computing is an information technology infrastructure in which computing resources are virtualized and accessed as a service. • "Cloud" will be a grand buzzword unifier in IT: • utility computing, Grid computing, software-as-a-service, and many other scalable remote computing models will get linked to cloud computing.

  7. Cloud computing – a Definition (2) • Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualised resources • These resources can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a variable load (scale), allowing also for an optimum resource utilisation • This pool of resources is typically exploited by a pay-per-use model in which guarantees are offered by the infrastructure provider by means of customised Service Level Agreements.

  8. Today … • Service-Oriented economy is at our door • Services over the Internet are winning in the market • Consumers use YouTube, eBay, Amazon, … • SMEs use hosted Microsoft Exchange, Salesforce.com • Enterprises routinely rely on remote IT outsourcing • Services reduce complexity and cost • Cloud computing providers • Amazon, Google, Microsoft … • Service-Oriented Economy requires a Service-Oriented Infrastructure

  9. Value Chain Service Admin. Service End-user Service Consumer User Layer Service Manager Service Service Layer Service Provider Infrastructure Provider Virtual Execution Environment Management System Virtualization Layer Physical Layer Grid Site The Vision

  10. Grids vs Clouds

  11. Grids vs. Clouds

  12. Usage Modes • General purpose Grids are typically constructed bottom-up aggregating existing heterogeneous resources • Interfaces designed to provide combined functionality • Clouds constructed top-down with a limited, specific set of use cases and modes • Interfaces are designed to support these and only these • Clouds can be built on top of Grids

  13. Grids and Clouds Portal

  14. Example of a Cloud Architecture

  15. Three Types of Systems • Infrastructure as a Service • Through virtualization, infrastructure providers are able to split, assign and dynamically manage service Providers, that will deploy on these systems the software stacks that run their services • Platform as a Service • Instead of supplying a virtualized infrastructure, they can provide the software platform where systems run on • Software as a Service • This is an alternative to locally run applications

  16. Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) • EC2 (Elastic Computing Cloud) is the computing service of Amazon • Based on hardware virtualisation (Xen) • Users request virtual machine instances, pointing to an image (public or private) • Users have full control over each instance (e.g. access as root, if required) • Request can be issued via SOAP and REST • X509 certificates • S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a service for storing and accessing data on the Amazon cloud • From a user’s point-of-view, S3 is independent from the other Amazon services • Data is built in a hierarchical fashion, grouped in containers and objects • Data is accessible via SOAP, REST and BitTorrent

  17. Resources Virtualisation • Different virtual machines can run different operating systems and multiple applications on the same physical computer. • The main technology enabling virtualisation is the Hypervisor • Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) that partitions a physical host server transparently via emulation or hardware-assisted virtualisation • This provides a complete simulated hardware environment • Which Virtual Machine Manager? VMware, XEN…? • Types of virtualisation?

  18. Examples of Cloud Architectures • OpenNebula: open source virtual infrastructure engine that enables the dynamic deployment and re-placement of virtual machines on a pool of physical resources • http://www.opennebula.org/ • From the FP7 RESERVOIR project http://www.reservoir-fp7.eu • Eucalyptus: Elastic Utility Computing Architecture • links Programs to Useful Systems • an open-source software infrastructure for implementing "cloud computing" on clusters • interface to Eucalyptus is compatible with Amazon's EC2 interface • http://eucalyptus.cs.ucsb.edu/

  19. Research Questions

  20. Virtualization - Aware Grid Grid - Aware Virtualization BSM = SOI e . g . , VM usage / size as the unit e . g . , live migration across e . g . , policy - based management for metering and billing administrative domains of service - level agreement The Service Oriented Infrastructure (SOI) Equation • Integration of virtualization technologies with Grid computing driven by new techniques for Business Service Management (BSM) + +

  21. Cloud Interfaces No middleware!! Resource-side Grid middleware?

  22. Interoperability • Assuming that several cloud computing providers come to be… • Which interface matter? BOTH!!!

  23. Standards • God loves standards: that’s why he made so many of them • Since “simple is beautiful” … • if the proposed interfaces by cloud services like AWS are to become popular with Grid users, they might change the standardisation landscape • HTTP, REST, Xen and BitTorrent are already largely standardised • What is left at that level • REST access to storage • Virtual Image formats • Instantiation API (perhaps based on REST) • A reference open source implementation is missing

  24. Risk Management Services in Virtualized Service Platforms • Need for dependable services • Any time access for large but varying number of users • Service availability crucial • Risk assessment and management as basic service • Multiple stakeholder perspective • Users • Assess and select best services • Evaluate legal issues and sustainability • Trust for data security and confidentiality • Providers • Analyse, improve and maintain infrastructure • Compete to attract new users • Take all measures to ensure permanent service availability • Telcos • Compose and offer high quality services

  25. Conclusion • Existing Grids have an opportunity to lead the next generation e-Infrastructure by integrating new advancements such as cloud computing • Hardware virtualisation could lower the operations cost of large infrastructures • Roadmap should be defined to include cloud technology in current Grid Infrastructures in an incremental and harmonious fashion

  26. So… Five computers! • "I think there is a world market for about five computers" — Remark attributed to Thomas J. Watson (Chairman of the Board of International Business Machines) – 1943 • “… In a sense, says Yahoo Research Chief Prabhakar Raghavan, there are only five computers on earth. He lists Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, IBM, and Amazon. Few others, he says, can turn electricity into computing power with comparable efficiency …”

  27. One Cloud a “Take Home” message:Five computers? • "I think there is a world market for about five computers" — Remark attributed to Thomas J. Watson (Chairman of the Board of International Business Machines) – 1943 • “… In a sense, says Yahoo Research Chief Prabhakar Raghavan, there are only five computers on earth. He lists Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, IBM, and Amazon. Few others, he says, can turn electricity into computing power with comparable efficiency …” FromGoogle and the wisdom of clouds, by Steven Baker - BusinessWeek.com • “… The World Wide Web is becoming one vast, programmable machine. As NYU's Clay Shirky likes to say, Watson was off by four …” – Nicholas Carr From Wired Magazine Q&A with Nicholas Carr

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