Starter

1. Starter You have two minutes to go into your book and find two pieces of information that tell you anything about the guns, ships, soldiers, supplies, commanders and communication used by either the Spanish or English during the Spanish invasion in 1588. You should not speak to anyone during this time. You now have two extra minutes to use the scrap paper to make a paper aeroplane. On the wings of the plane, you should include your name AND the information you have found out.

2. Learning Objectives • Be able to place the events of the Spanish Armada in chronological order (Level 4) • Be able to know and explain the key features of the invasion (Level 5) • Be able to explain in significant detail the events of the Spanish invasion (Level 6)

3. Task In pairs, you are to use the cards to place the events of the Spanish Armada in chronological order. Once you think you have completed, ask your teacher to check your work. Once your work has been checked you can start to write up the events on the A3 worksheet. Do not simply copy from the cards – write it in your own words! Use the map hand-out to help you gain a better idea of the route taken by the Armada. It will also show you what a crescent formation looks like!

4. Quiz Time You must make sure that your completed timeline is now out of sight. We are going to have a quiz to see what you can remember about the invasion. Ready?

5. Quiz Time Q1. What date did the Armada set sail on? A)19th July 1588 B) 19th July 1568 D) 19th July 1598 C) 19th July 1578

6. Q2) Why did the Spanish sail in a crescent formation? A) It was a great attacking formation. B) It enabled Medina-Sidonia to communicate with his ships more easily, C) It offered great protection to the Spanish ships. D) The Spanish thought crescents were lucky.

7. Q3) Why was the Armada delayed at Gravelines? A) There were no ports deep enough to near where the Spanish troops were waiting. They docked at Gravelines and waited for them to arrive. B) They had to stop for supplies as they were running low. C) They needed to stop in order to send an important message back to King Philip of Spain. D) They had stopped and waited for the poor weather to pass over.

8. Q4) How did using fire ships help the English? A) Lots of men were killed by the fire ships. B) It helped break the crescent formation, making the Spanish more vulnerable. C) Lots of galleons were destroyed by the fire ships. D) It killed their High Admiral Medina-Sidonia.

9. Q5) What problems did the Spanish encounter around the north of Scotland? A) They had to fight more English ships who had followed them. B) Lack of supplies and terrible storms. C) More fire ships. D) Angry Scottish sailors.

10. Q6) Out of the 130 ships that set sail how many returned to Spain? A) 120 B) 100 C) 20 D) 67

11. London was warned that the Armada was nearing England's coastline. The English had developed a way of informing the Queen when the Armada was first seen. Beacons were lit along the coast. As soon as one beacon was seen, the next further along the coast was lit. In this way, London was quickly made aware that the Armada was approaching England. The Armada sailed on July 19th 1588. The fleet of 130 ships - including 22 fighting galleons - sailed in a crescent shape. The larger but slower galleons were in the middle of the crescent and they were protected by faster but smaller boats surrounding them. *galleons = warships As the Armada sailed up the English Channel, it was attacked by an English force lead by Sir Francis Drake. Drake and his men did very little damage to the Armada, the crescent formation offered great protection. The only real damage occurred when two Spanish ships sailed into each other! King Philip II had ordered the Spanish fleet to collect 30,000 Spanish troops, who had been fighting Dutch rebels in Flanders. However, the Spanish High Admiral, Medina-Sidonia had no way of communicating with the Army once he had set sail from Spain. Medina Sidonia learned to his horror that there was no port deep enough near to where the Spanish troops were for him to stop his fleet. The best he could do was to harbour at Gravelines near modern day Calais on July 27th 1588, and then wait for the troops to arrive. This would take days. Whilst the Spanish waiting at Gravelines, the English gathered eight old ships and filled them with flammable material. These floating bombs were set on fire and sent to drift during the night into the resting Armada.

12. As the Armada saw the on fire ships approaching, each ship cut their anchors and attempted to break out of Gravelines. Only one Spanish ship was lost but the crescent shape disappeared and the Armada was now vulnerable to attack. The English now attacked but they were bravely fought off by the Spanish. Four Spanish galleons stood their ground and fought Drake. Three of these Spanish galleons were sunk, 600 men were killed and 800 wounded The English fleet now blocked off any chance the Armada had of going back down the English Channel, meaning that the 30,000 Spanish troops could not be collected. The invasion was over, but the Spanish still needed to escape. The only way for the Spanish to now escape was to sail up the east coast of England and sail around the north of Scotland, then head back to Spain. However, their supplies on board were not enough for such a journey and many of the crews were reduced to eating rope for survival. Fresh water quickly disappeared and the crews could not drink sea water. To add to their troubles, as the Armada sailed around the north of Scotland in mid-September, it hit a one of the worst storms in history which damaged many ships. Only 67 of the 130 ships return to Spain. Over 20,000 Spanish sailors and soldiers were killed.

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14. King Philip had organised for 30,000 Spanish troops to be picked up at Flanders. However, Admiral Medina-Sidonia had no way of communicating with the troops once he left Spain! Only 67 of the 130 ships return to Spain. Over 20,000 Spanish sailors and soldiers were killed. The Spanish panic and the sight of the fire-ships – they cut their anchors and sail out to sea! The crescent formation is broken. The Armada set sail July 19th 1588. 130 ships – 22 fighting galleons sailed in a crescent formation. The English now block off any chance of the Armada collecting their troops. The invasion is over. But the Armada still needs to sail home. The English attack again – the Spanish stand their ground but still lose three galleons. 600 men die. 800 wounded. The only way for the Spanish to now escape was to sail up the east coast of England and sail around the north of Scotland, then head back to Spain. Whilst the Spanish waiting at Gravelines, the English gathered eight old ships and filled them with flammable material. The English sent them drifting towards the Spanish. Supplies are short. Food and water nearly runs out. Armada face storms above north of Scotland. Many ships are damaged. Medina-Sidonia learned that there were no ports deep enough for him to collect the troops. He docked at Gravelines and waited days for the troops to arrive. The ships were spotted nearing the English coastline. Beacons were lit to warn London that the Armada was approaching. The English deliver their first attack. Very little damage is done. The crescent formation offers great protection.

15. London was warned that the Armada was nearing England's coastline. The English had developed a way of informing the Queen when the Armada was first seen. Beacons were lit along the coast. As soon as one beacon was seen, the next further along the coast was lit. In this way, London was quickly made aware that the Armada was approaching England. The Armada sailed on July 19th 1588. The fleet of 130 ships - including 22 fighting galleons - sailed in a crescent shape. The larger but slower galleons were in the middle of the crescent and they were protected by faster but smaller boats surrounding them. *galleons = warships 1 2 As the Armada sailed up the English Channel, it was attacked by an English force lead by Sir Francis Drake. Drake and his men did very little damage to the Armada, the crescent formation offered great protection. The only real damage occurred when two Spanish ships sailed into each other! King Philip II had ordered the Spanish fleet to collect 30,000 Spanish troops, who had been fighting Dutch rebels in Flanders. However, the Spanish High Admiral, Medina-Sidonia had no way of communicating with the Army once he had set sail from Spain. 3 4 Medina Sidonia learned to his horror that there was no port deep enough near to where the Spanish troops were for him to stop his fleet. The best he could do was to harbour at Gravelines near modern day Calais on July 27th 1588, and then wait for the troops to arrive. This would take days. Whilst the Spanish waiting at Gravelines, the English gathered eight old ships and filled them with flammable material. These floating bombs were set on fire and sent to drift during the night into the resting Armada. 6 5 Answer Sheet

16. As the Armada saw the on fire ships approaching, each ship cut their anchors and attempted to break out of Gravelines. Only one Spanish ship was lost but the crescent shape disappeared and the Armada was now vulnerable to attack. The English now attacked but they were bravely fought off by the Spanish. Four Spanish galleons stood their ground and fought Drake. Three of these Spanish galleons were sunk, 600 men were killed and 800 wounded 7 8 The English fleet now blocked off any chance the Armada had of going back down the English Channel, meaning that the 30,000 Spanish troops could not be collected. The invasion was over, but the Spanish still needed to escape. The only way for the Spanish to now escape was to sail up the east coast of England and sail around the north of Scotland, then head back to Spain. 9 10 However, their supplies on board were not enough for such a journey and many of the crews were reduced to eating rope for survival. Fresh water quickly disappeared and the crews could not drink sea water. To add to their troubles, as the Armada sailed around the north of Scotland in mid-September, it hit a one of the worst storms in history which damaged many ships. Only 67 of the 130 ships return to Spain. Over 20,000 Spanish sailors and soldiers were killed. 12 11 Answer Sheet (2)

17. This symbol shows were the major battles took place during the invasion. Route of Spanish Armada, July 1588. This picture shows the formation used by the English and Spanish. The Spanish crescent formation was designed to give ships greater protection. Crescent formation