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California State Test

This educational overview explores the rise and fall of significant civilizations, including the Roman Empire, Islamic Empire, China, Ghana & Mali, and Japan, as well as key developments in Europe from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance to the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. It highlights themes such as trade, religion, governance, and the societal structures of these regions. The content provides critical insights into historical events, influential figures, and the enduring impact of these civilizations on global history.

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California State Test

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  1. California State Test Grade 7

  2. End of the Roman Empire • Strength of army; roads; money; citizenship • Loyalty; huge land empire • Too big to control; corruption • Disease, starvation, city structure collapses

  3. Islam • Middle East (desert) • Trading (merchants) • Empire • Islam - monotheistic (Muhammad); religious tolerance • Nobility, scholars, merchants, poor

  4. China • Eastern Asia • “Period of Disunion” created stable dynasties • Trade, farming • Buddhism; Confucianism • Nobility, government officials, inventors, farmers, poor

  5. Ghana & Mali • West Africa • Empire • Salt and gold trade; farming • Folk religions; Islam • Centered on village and family; oral traditions

  6. Japan • Islands off of Asia • Monarchy (emperor) • Landowning; trade • Confucianism; Buddhism • Daimyo and samurai; shogun (military)

  7. The Middle Ages • Europe • Aristocracy advised by Church officials • Taxes to Church and government; manor system • Christianity (monotheistic) • Feudalism - like city-states

  8. Ancient Americas • Central and South America • Aristocracy with religious counsel • Trading, farming, building • Polytheistic • Priests and nobility, merchants, farmers, slaves

  9. Renaissance - “rebirth” • Humanism - found Greek/Roman writings • Artist, inventor (“Mona Lisa”) • Artist (Sistine Chapel) • Printing press • English poet and playwright • Throughout Europe

  10. Reformation • German monk who wanted to reform Church • Swiss reformer; brought Church to basics • 1)Luther’s 95 Theses (reasons) to reform Church; 2) Split - Catholic and Protestant; 3) Counter-Reformation

  11. Scientific Revolution • 1) Earth center of universe; 2) Sun center of universe; 3) Scientific method • Throws out religious based ideas • Weakened power of kings • Science and math schools • COPERNICUS/GALILEO: Sun center of solar system • Laws of gravity and motion • Scientific method of observation and experimentation

  12. Eighteenth Century • Improved sailing to Asia, Africa, and Americas • Logic based on philosophy, society, politics from Greek/Roman, Christian, Renaissance, scientific thought • High value on human logic and reasoning • Social contract; govt protects people, people are loyal • Govt powers are separate

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